生物质炭对水稻土团聚体微生物多样性的影响

The effects of biochar application on the soil microbial community structure have been reported, but the research on the response of the microbial community in soil aggregate particle groups to biochar application is still relatively insufficient. Taking a paddy soil two years after the application of corn straw biochar as the object, using the wet sieving method of aggregates and analyzing the microbial community structure and diversity of soil aggregates through high-throughput sequencing, the results showed that: (1) Compared with the control, biochar application significantly promoted the formation of large aggregates (2000 - 250 μm) and improved the stability of the aggregates. (2) There were significant differences in the relative abundances of microorganisms among aggregates of different particle sizes. In the treatment without biochar application (C0), as the aggregate particle size increased, the relative abundances of Proteobacteria, Ascomycota, Betaproteobacteriales, and Pleosporales gradually decreased, while the relative abundances of Acidobacteria, Basidiomycota, Myxococcales, and Glomeromycota gradually increased. (3) Biochar application significantly changed the microbial community structure among aggregates. Compared with the C0 treatment, the relative abundances of Proteobacteria, Chytridiomycota, and Betaproteobacteriales in the large aggregates of the biochar application treatment increased significantly by 14.37%, 33.28%, and 33.82%, respectively; the relative abundances of Acidobacteria, Ascomycota, and Myxococcales in the micro-aggregates (250 - 53 μm) decreased significantly by 20.15%, 19.93%, and 17.66%, respectively; the relative abundance of Basidiomycota in the silt and clay fractions (<53 μm) increased by 90.25%, while the relative abundances of Ascomycota and Chytridiomycota decreased by 12.15% and 12.58%, respectively. It can be seen that biochar not only changes the composition and distribution of soil aggregates, but also accompanies the change of the soil microbial community structure.

生物质炭施用对土壤微生物群落结构的影响已有报道,但土壤团聚体粒组中微生物群落对生物质炭施用的响应的研究还相对不足。以施用玉米秸秆生物质炭两年后的水稻土为对象,采用团聚体湿筛法,通过高通量测序对土壤团聚体的微生物群落结构与多样性进行分析,结果表明:(1)与对照相比,生物质炭施用显著促进了大团聚体(2000-250 μm)的形成,并提高了团聚体的稳定性。(2)不同粒径团聚体间微生物相对丰度存在显著差异。在未施生物质炭的处理(C0)中,随着团聚体粒径增大,变形菌门、子囊菌门、β-变形杆菌目、格孢腔菌目的相对丰度逐渐降低,而酸杆菌门、担子菌门、粘球菌目、类球囊霉目的相对丰度逐渐升高。(3)生物质炭施用显著改变了团聚体间的微生物群落结构。与C0处理相比,生物质炭施用处理的大团聚体中变形菌门、鞭毛菌门和β-变形杆菌目的相对丰度分别显著提高了14.37%、33.28%和33.82%;微团聚体(250-53 μm)中酸杆菌门、子囊菌门和粘球菌目的相对丰度分别显著降低了20.15%、19.93%和17.66%;粉、黏粒组分(<53 μm)中担子菌门的相对丰度升高90.25%,而子囊菌门和鞭毛菌门的相对丰度分别降低12.15%和12.58%。由此可见,生物质炭不仅改变土壤团聚体组成和分布,同时伴随着土壤微生物群落结构的改变。