植物群落对湿地净化生活污水的影响

In order to solve the problem of the impact of plant configuration on water purification, the purification effects of different plant communities on domestic sewage and their response mechanisms were studied, and the optimal combination of wetland plants was explored. Combining with landscape ecology, four kinds of artificial wetlands CW - G1, CW - G2, CW - G3, CW - G4 with four plant communities were constructed using seven wetland plants. The hydraulic retention time (HRT) was 4 days, and the hydraulic loading rate was 0.125 m³·(m²·d)⁻¹. The removal rates of pollutants in each artificial wetland were analyzed. The purification mechanisms were explored through the changes in plant enzyme activities, osmotic adjustment abilities, and rhizosphere microbial succession. The results showed that: the community in the CW - G1 device had the best pollutant removal effect; the activities of SOD, POD, and CAT enzymes in the plants in the CW - G1 device were significantly increased compared with those of a single species, and the MDA content was significantly decreased; the Alpha diversity of rhizosphere microorganisms in the plant community in the CW - G1 device was the highest, and the abundances of various bacteria at the phylum level were relatively uniform. The plants in the CW - G1 device cooperated with each other, increasing the content of antioxidant enzymes, enhancing the anti - interference ability of the plant community, increasing the diversity, abundance, and evenness of the rhizosphere microbial community, and the plants and microorganisms cooperated to purify sewage efficiently. The above results can provide a reference for the configuration and application of wetland plants.

为解决植物配置对水质净化影响问题,研究了不同植物群落对生活污水的净化效果及其响应机理,并探索了人工湿地植物的最佳组合。结合景观生态学,运用7种湿地植物构建4种植物群落的人工湿地CW-G1、CW-G2、CW-G3、CW-G4,HRT为4 d,水力负荷为0.125 m~3·(m~2·d)~(-1),分析了各人工湿地对污染物的去除率,通过对植物酶活性变化、渗透调节能力和根际微生物演替情况探究了其净化机理。结果表明:CW-G1装置内群落对污染物去除效果最佳;CW-G1装置内植物的SOD、POD、CAT酶活性较单种显著提高,MDA含量显著降低;CW-G1装置内植物群落根际微生物Alpha多样性最高,门水平上各类菌丰度较为均匀。CW-G1装置内植物相互协作,提高抗氧化酶含量,增强了植物群落抗干扰能力,增加了根际微生物群落多样性、丰度和均匀度,植物-微生物协同高效净化污水。以上结果可为湿地植物的配置与运用提供参考。