3套资料中西北太平洋热带气旋活动特征的比较分析

This article uses three sets of best track data of tropical cyclones from the China Meteorological Administration, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center of the United States, and the Japan Meteorological Agency (CMA data, JTWC data, and RSMC data) to analyze the characteristics of tropical cyclone activities in the Northwest Pacific from 1951 to 2016. The results reflected by the three sets of data are as follows: Tropical cyclones mainly occur within the range of 10°N - 25°N, and before 1980, there was a trend of southward movement in latitude of their location points, and it was the opposite after 1980; the moving speed is mainly distributed in the range of 2 - 6 m/s, and the moving speed significantly accelerates around 25°N, and before 1980, the moving speed showed a significant decreasing trend; the maximum sustained wind speed is mainly distributed in the range of 10 - 15 m/s, and before 1980, the maximum sustained wind speed had a decreasing trend; in the area with a larger wind speed, the radius of the maximum wind speed of tropical cyclones is smaller, and from 2001 to 2016, the radius of the maximum wind speed of tropical cyclones and typhoons decreased by 0.46 km and 0.54 km per year respectively. The results of CMA and RSMC data are highly consistent, while there are certain differences between the results of JTWC data and them. The changes in the frequency and intensity of tropical cyclone location points are greatly affected by the differences between the data, while the changes in their location and moving speed are less affected.

本文使用中国气象局、美国联合台风预警中心和日本气象厅的3套热带气旋最佳路径资料(CMA资料、JTWC资料和RSMC资料)分析了1951-2016年西北太平洋热带气旋活动特征。3套资料反映的结果如下:热带气旋主要发生在10°N-25°N范围内,且1980年前其位置点在纬度上有南移的变化趋势,1980年后则相反;移速主要分布在2~6 m/s区间,在25°N左右移速明显加快,1980年前移速呈显著减小趋势;最大持续风速主要分布在10~15 m/s区间,1980年前最大持续风速有减小趋势;在风速较大的区域热带气旋最大风速半径较小,2001-2016年热带气旋和台风最大风速半径每年分别减小0.46 km和0.54 km。CMA和RSMC资料的结果高度一致,而JTWC资料结果与它们都存在一定的差异。热带气旋位置点频数和强度的变化受资料间差异的影响较大,而其位置及移速的变化则受影响较小。