流动人口家庭化迁移与住房选择分异研究——基于全国25个城市的实证分析

Solving the housing problems of the floating population in cities is of great significance for promoting social integration and implementing the new urbanization strategy. Based on the survey data of the floating population and their families in 25 cities across the country, a structural equation model was used to analyze the mechanism of how the characteristics of the floating population's residential migration behavior and family migration in the destination place affect their housing choices. The research findings are as follows: ① Only a small proportion of the floating population has purchased houses in the cities they have moved to. Among them, the higher the socioeconomic level, the more likely they are to improve their housing through relocation and obtain urban housing. ② Family migration has become the direct driving force and plays a decisive role in the floating population's house - buying in cities. ③ There are significant urban differences in the mechanism by which the floating population obtains housing in the destination cities. The floating population with a relatively high socioeconomic level in non - first - tier cities shows "upward mobility" in housing choices, that is, they can change from renting to buying a house. However, even the floating population with high incomes in first - tier cities still find it difficult to obtain urban housing. It is recommended to further improve the urban housing security system, take into account the family migration needs of the floating population, thereby promoting the settlement of the floating population and advancing the new urbanization strategy.

解决城市中流动人口的住房问题对于促进社会融合和实现新型城镇化战略具有重要意义。基于全国25个城市流动人口与家庭调查数据,采用结构方程模型分析流动人口在流入地的居住迁移行为、家庭化迁移等特征对其住房选择的作用机理。研究发现:①仅有小部分流动人口在流入城市已购房。其中,社会经济水平越高,越有可能通过迁居改善住房,并获得城市住房。②家庭化迁移已成为流动人口在城市中购房的直接驱动力,起到决定性作用。③流动人口在流入地城市获得住房的机制存在显著的城市差异,非一线城市社会经济水平较高的流动人口在住房选择上呈现出“向上的流动性”,即实现从租房到购房,而一线城市的流动人口即使具有高收入仍很难获得城市住房。建议进一步完善城镇住房保障体系,将流动人口家庭化迁移需求纳入考虑,进而促进流动人口落户,推进新型城镇化战略。