Superwomen and Sleep: an Assessment of Black College Women Across the African Diaspora.

Women and racial/ethnic minority groups in the U.S. report poor sleep health. While stress and alcohol use may contribute to sleep problems, few studies have examined the roles of stress and alcohol use on sleep among Black college women. Gender-racial ideology of Black womanhood may also play a role in sleep. This exploratory study sought to examine the relationships between stress, alcohol, ethnic-gender identity, and sleep. Guided by the biopsychosocial model and intersectionality theory, a cross-sectional study design recruited undergraduate women (18–24 years) attending a Historically Black College and University (HBCU) who self-identified as Black (N = 110). Participants completed the Insomnia Severity Index, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Perceived Stress Scale, Alcohol Use Disorders Test, and Giscombe Superwoman Schema Questionnaire. Univariate and multiple linear regressions were conducted to examine independent and multiple effects of stress, alcohol, and ethnic-gender identity on insomnia and sleep quality. Participants (mean age 19.4 years) represented diverse ethnic groups, 53% American, 25% African, and 20% Caribbean. Nearly 23% reported moderate to severe levels of insomnia. Scores from the Perceived Stress Scale, the Alcohol Use Disorders Test, and the Giscombe Superwoman Schema Questionnaire were independently associated with insomnia and sleep quality. In multivariate analyses, only perceived stress exhibited a significant association with insomnia and sleep quality. This exploratory study demonstrated that stress, excessive alcohol use, and ethnic-gender identity have relational impact on sleep health. Yet, stress may have greater importance and further research is needed to explore factors that mediated the relationship between stress and sleep.

美国的女性以及少数种族/族裔群体存在睡眠健康不佳的情况。虽然压力和饮酒可能导致睡眠问题，但很少有研究探讨压力和饮酒对黑人女大学生睡眠的影响。黑人女性特质的性别 - 种族意识形态可能也对睡眠有影响。这项探索性研究旨在探究压力、饮酒、族裔 - 性别认同与睡眠之间的关系。 在生物心理社会模型和交叉性理论的指导下，一项横断面研究设计招募了就读于传统黑人学院和大学（HBCU）、自我认同为黑人的本科女性（18 - 24岁）（N = 110）。参与者完成了失眠严重程度指数、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数、感知压力量表、酒精使用障碍测试以及吉斯科姆女超人图式问卷。进行了单变量和多元线性回归分析，以检验压力、饮酒和族裔 - 性别认同对失眠和睡眠质量的独立和多重影响。 参与者（平均年龄19.4岁）来自不同的族裔群体，53%为美国黑人，25%为非洲裔，20%为加勒比裔。近23%的人报告有中度至重度失眠。感知压力量表、酒精使用障碍测试以及吉斯科姆女超人图式问卷的得分分别与失眠和睡眠质量相关。在多变量分析中，只有感知压力与失眠和睡眠质量呈现显著关联。 这项探索性研究表明，压力、过度饮酒和族裔 - 性别认同对睡眠健康有相关影响。然而，压力可能更为重要，需要进一步研究来探索介导压力与睡眠之间关系的因素。