The phylogenetic position of toadfishes (order Batrachoidiformes) in the higher ray-finned fish as inferred from partitioned Bayesian analysis of 102 whole mitochondrial genome sequences

In a previous study based on 100 whole mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) sequences, we sought to provide a new perspective on the ordinal relationships of higher ray-finned fish (Actinopterygii). The study left unexplored the phylogenetic position of toadfishes (order Batrachoidiformes), as data were unavailable owing to technical difficulties. In the present study, we successfully determined mitogenomic sequences for two toadfish species (Batrachomoeus trispinosus and Porichthys myriaster) and found that the difficulties resulted from unusual gene arrangements and associated repetitive non-coding sequences. Unambiguously aligned, concatenated mitogenomic sequences (13 461 bp) from 102 higher actinopterygians (excluding the ND6 gene and control region) were divided into five partitions (1st, 2nd and 3rd codon positions of the protein-coding genes, tRNA genes and rRNA genes) and partitioned Bayesian analyses were conducted. The resultant phylogenies strongly suggest that the toadfishes are not members of relatively primitive higher actinopterygians (Paracanthopterygii), but belong to a crown group of actinopterygians (Percomorpha), as was demonstrated for ophidiiform eels (Ophidiiformes) and anglerfishes (Lophiiformes) in the previous study. We propose revised limits of major unranked categories for higher actinopterygians and a new name (Berycomorpha) for a clade comprising two reciprocally paraphyletic orders (Beryciformes and Stephanoberyciformes) based on the present mitogenomic phylogenies. © 2005 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2005, 85, 289–306.

在先前一项基于100个完整线粒体基因组（线粒体基因组）序列的研究中，我们试图为高等辐鳍鱼（辐鳍鱼纲）的目级关系提供一个新视角。该研究没有探讨蟾鱼（蟾鱼目）的系统发育位置，因为由于技术困难无法获取相关数据。在本研究中，我们成功测定了两种蟾鱼（三棘蟾鱼和孔蟾鱼）的线粒体基因组序列，并发现困难源于不寻常的基因排列以及相关的重复非编码序列。来自102种高等辐鳍鱼（不包括ND6基因和控制区）的明确比对且串联的线粒体基因组序列（13461个碱基对）被分为五个部分（蛋白质编码基因的第一、第二和第三密码子位置，tRNA基因和rRNA基因），并进行了分区贝叶斯分析。由此产生的系统发育关系有力地表明，蟾鱼不是相对原始的高等辐鳍鱼（副棘鳍总目）的成员，而是属于辐鳍鱼的一个冠群（鲈形亚类），正如先前研究中对鼬鳚目鳗鱼（鼬鳚目）和鮟鱇鱼（鮟鱇目）所证明的那样。基于目前的线粒体基因组系统发育关系，我们提出了高等辐鳍鱼主要未分级类别的修订界限，并为一个包含两个相互并系的目（金眼鲷目和奇金眼鲷目）的分支提出了一个新名称（金眼鲷亚类）。© 2005伦敦林奈学会，《林奈学会生物学杂志》，2005年，85卷，289 - 306页。