基于“高铁+”网络的东北地区城市联系网络结构研究

The transfer of high-speed rail has had an important impact on the connections between cities. It is very important to study the characteristics of the "high-speed rail +" network, the functions of cities in the "high-speed rail +" network in different periods, and the identification of transfer cities. This article uses the research methods of complex networks to further analyze the characteristics of the urban connection network in Northeast China from the comparison between the "high-speed rail +" network and the high-speed rail network and the changes of the "high-speed rail +" network in different periods, and identifies the transfer cities. The results show that: 1) The "high-speed rail +" network has enhanced the small-world characteristics of the urban connection network in Northeast China, and Jilin has become the fourth largest transfer hub in the region. 2) During the Spring Festival travel rush, the small-world characteristics of the "high-speed rail +" network are more obvious, and the connectivity of the railway network is further improved; some cities with low closeness centrality have also increased, but the increase is not large, and there is still a large gap compared with cities with high closeness centrality. 3) During the Spring Festival travel rush, the "bridging" role of provincial capital cities in urban connections is prominent, and their inter-provincial connection status is more prominent; Tongliao, as the gateway connecting Inner Mongolia and Northeast China, its hierarchical status is prominent during the Spring Festival travel rush. In view of the current development status of high-speed rail in Northeast China, it is proposed that cities without high-speed rail should give full play to the advantages of ordinary-speed railways, plan and build a transfer system connected to the high-speed rail network. In the face of the pulsed passenger flow during the Spring Festival travel rush, the operating lines and departure frequencies should be adjusted in a timely manner, and the transfer connecting trains should be arranged scientifically to maximize the advantages of high-speed rail and relieve the contradiction between supply and demand of transportation capacity. In addition, it is necessary to strengthen the guidance of transfer passenger flow in transfer hub cities to ensure the smooth progress of transfer.

高铁换乘对城市之间的联系产生了重要影响,研究“高铁+”网络特征、不同时期城市在“高铁+”网络中的功能及换乘城市识别十分重要。该文利用复杂网络研究方法从“高铁+”网络与高铁网络的对比、不同时期“高铁+”网络的变化中进一步解析东北地区城市联系网络特征,并识别中转换乘城市。结果表明:1)“高铁+”网络提升了东北地区城市联系网络的小世界特征,吉林成为区域第四大中转枢纽。2)春运期间“高铁+”网络的小世界特征更明显,铁路网络的联通状况进一步改善;部分邻近中心性低的城市也有所提高,但增幅不大,与邻近中心性高的城市仍存在较大差距。3)春运期间省会城市在城市联系中的“桥梁”作用凸显,省际联系地位更突出;通辽作为内蒙古与东北地区连接的门户,其层级地位在春运期间凸显。针对目前东北地区高铁发展现状,提出未开通高铁的城市要充分发挥普速铁路优势,规划、搭建与高铁网络连接的换乘体系。面对春运期间脉冲式爆发的客流量应及时调整运营线路、发车频次以及科学安排换乘接续列车,最大程度释放高铁优势以缓解运力供需矛盾,此外还需加强换乘枢纽城市的换乘客流引导,确保换乘顺利进行。