A Comprehensive Review of Cancer MicroRNA Therapeutic Delivery Strategies

In the field of molecular oncology, microRNAs (miRNAs) and their role in regulating physiological processes and cancer pathogenesis have been a revolutionary discovery over the last decade. It is now considered that miRNA dysregulation influences critical molecular pathways involved in tumor progression, invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis in a wide range of cancer types. Hence, altering miRNA levels in cancer cells has promising potential as a therapeutic intervention, which is discussed in many other articles in this Special Issue. Some of the most significant hurdles in therapeutic miRNA usage are the stability and the delivery system. In this review, we cover a comprehensive update on the challenges and strategies for the development of therapeutic miRNA delivery systems that includes virus-based delivery, non-viral delivery (artificial lipid-based vesicles, polymer-based or chemical structures), and recently emerged extracellular vesicle (EV)-based delivery systems.

在分子肿瘤学领域，微小RNA（miRNAs）及其在调节生理过程和癌症发病机制中的作用是过去十年中的一项革命性发现。现在人们认为，miRNA的失调会影响多种癌症类型中涉及肿瘤进展、侵袭、血管生成和转移的关键分子通路。因此，改变癌细胞中的miRNA水平作为一种治疗干预措施具有良好的潜力，这在本期特刊的许多其他文章中都有讨论。治疗性miRNA应用中一些最重大的障碍是稳定性和递送系统。在这篇综述中，我们全面更新了治疗性miRNA递送系统开发所面临的挑战和策略，包括基于病毒的递送、非病毒递送（基于人工脂质的囊泡、基于聚合物的或化学结构）以及最近出现的基于细胞外囊泡（EV）的递送系统。