Nanocarrier-Based Drug Delivery for Melanoma Therapeutics.

Melanoma, as a tumor cell derived from melanocyte transformation, has the characteristics of malignant proliferation, high metastasis, rapid recurrence, and a low survival rate. Traditional therapy has many shortcomings, including drug side effects and poor patient compliance, and so on. Therefore, the development of an effective treatment is necessary. Currently, nanotechnologies are a promising oncology treatment strategy because of their ability to effectively deliver drugs and other bioactive molecules to targeted tissues with low toxicity, thereby improving the clinical efficacy of cancer therapy. In this review, the application of nanotechnology in the treatment of melanoma is reviewed and discussed. First, the pathogenesis and molecular targets of melanoma are elucidated, and the current clinical treatment strategies and deficiencies of melanoma are then introduced. Following this, we discuss the main features of developing efficient nanosystems and introduce the latest reports in the literature on nanoparticles for the treatment of melanoma. Subsequently, we review and discuss the application of nanoparticles in chemotherapeutic agents, immunotherapy, mRNA vaccines, and photothermal therapy, as well as the potential of nanotechnology in the early diagnosis of melanoma.

黑色素瘤作为一种源自黑素细胞转化的肿瘤细胞，具有恶性增殖、高转移、复发快以及生存率低的特点。传统疗法存在诸多缺陷，包括药物副作用以及患者依从性差等。因此，开发一种有效的治疗方法是必要的。目前，纳米技术是一种很有前景的肿瘤治疗策略，因为它能够以低毒性将药物和其他生物活性分子有效地递送至靶向组织，从而提高癌症治疗的临床疗效。在这篇综述中，对纳米技术在黑色素瘤治疗中的应用进行了回顾和讨论。首先，阐述了黑色素瘤的发病机制和分子靶点，然后介绍了黑色素瘤当前的临床治疗策略及其不足。在此之后，我们讨论了开发高效纳米系统的主要特征，并介绍了文献中关于用于治疗黑色素瘤的纳米粒子的最新报道。随后，我们回顾并讨论了纳米粒子在化疗药物、免疫治疗、mRNA疫苗和光热治疗中的应用，以及纳米技术在黑色素瘤早期诊断中的潜力。