Shigella are versatile mucosal pathogens that circumvent the host innate immune system

The intestinal mucosa is equipped with multiple innate immune defense systems that sense bacterial infection, transmit alarm signals to the immune system, defeat intruding bacteria, and renew damaged and aging epithelial cells. Nevertheless, mucosal bacterial pathogens have versatile pathogenic mechanisms that modulate the host inflammatory and immune responses, manipulate host cell death and survival signal pathways, and renovate the injured epithelium. These properties enable pathogens to adapt to the intestinal mucosal environment, exploit cellular and immune functions, and facilitate infection. Here we review current topics on host defense mechanisms against bacterial infection and the countermeasures that Shigella use to evade the innate immune system.

肠道黏膜具备多种先天性免疫防御系统，这些系统能够感知细菌感染，向免疫系统传递警报信号，击退入侵的细菌，并更新受损和老化的上皮细胞。然而，黏膜细菌病原体具有多种致病机制，它们可调节宿主的炎症和免疫反应，操纵宿主细胞的死亡和存活信号通路，并修复受损的上皮细胞。这些特性使病原体能够适应肠道黏膜环境，利用细胞和免疫功能，从而促进感染。在此，我们综述了当前有关宿主抵御细菌感染的防御机制以及志贺氏菌用于逃避先天性免疫系统的对策的相关主题。