露天矿山运输路面泡沫抑尘剂的配方优选及性能试验研究

In order to effectively solve the large amount of dust on the transportation roads of open-pit mines, aiming at the problems of poor degradability, high cost, poor water retention rate and low dust removal efficiency of existing dust suppressants, on the basis of characterizing and analyzing the dust of an open-pit mine, 0.1% alkyl polyglucoside (APG), a green surfactant, is used as the main agent, 0.6% K12 as a foaming agent, 0.4% PAM as a foam stabilizing agent, and 0.3% LAS as a wetting agent. The optimal mass fractions of each reagent are determined by measuring the surface tension of the foam, the foam volume, the dust contact angle and the dust infiltration depth, and 6 foam dust suppressant formulations are initially determined. The water retention rate, wind erosion resistance and dust suppression efficiency are selected as performance indicators. The results show that the formulation with m(0.6% K12) ∶ m(0.1% APG) ∶ m(0.4% PAM) ∶ m(0.3% LAS) = 1.05 ∶ 1 ∶ 0.6 ∶ 0.1 has better water retention, compressive strength and wind erosion resistance than other formulations, and the dust suppression efficiencies for total dust and respirable dust are as high as 87.11% and 75.26% respectively. After pH testing, it meets the requirements of green environmental protection.

为有效解决露天矿山运输路面的大量扬尘,针对现有抑尘剂存在的降解性差、成本较高、保水率差、除尘效率过低等问题,在对某露天矿山的扬尘进行表征分析的基础上,采用绿色表面活性剂烷基糖苷0.1% APG作为主剂、0.6% K12作为起泡剂、 0.4%PAM作为稳泡剂、0.3%LAS作为润湿剂,通过测定泡沫的表面张力、泡沫体积、粉尘接触角、粉尘浸润深度确定各试剂的最佳质量分数,初步确定6个泡沫抑尘剂配方,选择保水率、抗风蚀性、抑尘效率作为性能指标,结果表明:配方为m(0.6% K12) ∶ m(0.1%APG) ∶ m(0.4%PAM) ∶ m(0.3%LAS) = 1.05 ∶ 1 ∶ 0.6 ∶ 0.1的保水性、抗压强度、抗风蚀性均优于其他配方,全尘与呼吸性粉尘的抑尘效率分别高达87.11%, 75.26%,经pH测试,符合绿色环保的要求。