SiC/Al复合缓冲屏材料制备及其空间碎片撞击损伤行为

In order to ensure the stable operation of long-term in-orbit spacecraft and improve the protection performance of protection configurations when facing hypervelocity impacts of micro space debris, it is necessary to optimize and improve the buffer shield materials of the protection configurations. SiC/Al composite buffer shield materials were prepared in a silicon carbide porous ceramic presintered body by pressure infiltration. Hypervelocity impact tests of space debris on the SiC/Al buffer shield protection configuration were carried out using a two-stage light gas gun. The impact failure behavior of the SiC/Al buffer shield materials, the structural characteristics of the secondary debris cloud, and the law of impact damage of the secondary debris cloud on the rear wall were mainly studied. The results show that, compared with the traditional aluminum alloy buffer shield, the SiC/Al buffer shield can effectively break up space debris during the initial hypervelocity impact process, forming a secondary debris cloud structure with finer particles and more sufficient expansion, thus effectively alleviating the impact damage on the rear wall. Combined with the SEM microscopic damage morphology analysis of the impact craters on the rear wall, it is found that with the increase of the impact velocity of space debris, a more significant phenomenon of liquid-phase secondary debris particle impact occurs, enhancing the protection performance of the protection configuration during hypervelocity impacts.

为保障长期在轨航天器的安稳运行,提高防护构型应对微小空间碎片超高速撞击时的防护性能,需要对防护构型的缓冲屏材料进行优化和改进。通过在碳化硅多孔陶瓷预烧体中以压力熔渗方式制备了SiC/Al复合缓冲屏材料,利用二级轻气炮开展了SiC/Al缓冲屏防护构型的空间碎片超高速撞击试验,重点研究了SiC/Al缓冲屏材料的冲击破坏行为、二次碎片云结构特征以及二次碎片云对后墙撞击损伤规律。结果表明,相比传统铝合金缓冲屏,SiC/Al缓冲屏能够在初始超高速撞击过程中有效破碎空间碎片,形成颗粒更加细小和扩张更加充分的二次碎片云结构,从而有效地缓解了对后墙的撞击损伤。结合后墙撞击坑的SEM微观损伤形貌分析发现,随着空间碎片撞击速度的提高,发生了更为显著的液相二次碎片颗粒撞击现象,增强了防护构型在超高速撞击时的防护性能。