Metamorphosis of three-dimensional kirigami-inspired reconfigurable and reprogrammable architected matter

Most shape-morphing materials are limited to one-to-one shape-changing process, i.e., one design corresponds to one target shape, thus it is hard to be reshaped due to the constraint of limited mobilities (degrees of freedom). Here, we propose harnessing kinematic bifurcation in mechanisms with multiple branched transformation paths to achieve enhanced reconfigurability and shape reprogrammability in a new class of three-dimensional (3D) kirigami-inspired architected matter. The reconfigurable and reprogrammable architected matter is constructed from planar tessellation of 3D kirigami-inspired transformable modules. The module consisting of eight closed-loop connected cubes exhibits both 3D non-bifurcated and bifurcated transformation modes, the motions of which are well captured by the developed kinematics model. The modules can be periodically tessellated in plane to form a flat, thick panel in both a diluted (with voids) and compact (without voids) pattern with multiple encoded, compatible transformation modes. Consequently, it can undergo a series of consecutive shape changes by reconfiguring into varieties of 3D transformable architectures that are conceptually in analogy to metamorphosis in some living organisms during growth. The endowed rich mobilities are found to derive from the kinematic bifurcation. Among them, a unique transformed 3D architecture can be further reprogrammed to reconfigure into multiple architected shapes with zero and non-zero Gaussian curvature through both forward and inverse designs. Such 3D reconfigurable kinematic matter is attractive for potential applications in reconfigurable metamaterials and morphing architectures. (C) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

大多数形状变形材料仅限于一对一的形状变化过程，即一种设计对应一种目标形状，因此由于有限的机动性（自由度）的限制而难以重新塑形。在此，我们提出利用具有多个分支转换路径的机构中的运动学分岔，在一类新的受三维（3D）剪纸启发的结构材料中实现增强的可重构性和形状可重编程性。这种可重构和可重编程的结构材料是由受3D剪纸启发的可变形模块的平面镶嵌构成的。由八个闭环连接的立方体组成的模块呈现出3D非分岔和分岔的转换模式，其运动被所建立的运动学模型很好地捕捉到。这些模块可以在平面内周期性地镶嵌，以稀释（有空隙）和紧凑（无空隙）的模式形成平坦的厚板，并具有多种编码的、兼容的转换模式。因此，它可以通过重新配置成各种3D可变形结构而经历一系列连续的形状变化，这在概念上类似于某些生物体在生长过程中的变态。研究发现，赋予的丰富机动性源于运动学分岔。其中，一种独特的变形3D结构可以通过正向和逆向设计进一步重编程，重新配置成具有零和非零高斯曲率的多种结构形状。这种3D可重构运动学材料对于可重构超材料和变形结构中的潜在应用具有吸引力。（C）2021爱思唯尔有限公司。保留所有权利。