BVS: A Lightweight Forward and Backward Secure Scheme for PMU Communications in Smart Grid

In smart grid, phaser measurement units (PMUs) can upload readings to utility centers via supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) or energy management system (EMS) to enable intelligent controlling and scheduling. It is critical to maintain the secrecy of readings so as to protect customers' privacy, together with integrity and source authentication for the reliability and stability of power scheduling. In particular, appealing security scheme needs to perform well in PMUs that usually have computational resource constraints, thus designed security protocols have to remain lightweight in terms of computation and storage. In this paper, we propose a family of schemes to solve this problem. They are public key based scheme (PKS), password based scheme (PWS) and billed value-based scheme (BVS). BVS can achieve forward and backward security and only relies on hash functions. Security analysis justifies that the proposed schemes, especially BVS, can attain the security goals with low computation and storage cost.

在智能电网中，相量测量单元（PMU）可通过监控与数据采集（SCADA）系统或能量管理系统（EMS）将读数上传至公用事业中心，以实现智能控制和调度。保持读数的保密性至关重要，这样才能保护用户隐私，同时确保数据的完整性和源认证，以保障电力调度的可靠性和稳定性。尤其重要的是，有吸引力的安全方案需要在通常存在计算资源限制的PMU中良好运行，因此所设计的安全协议在计算和存储方面必须保持轻量化。在本文中，我们提出了一系列方案来解决这一问题。它们分别是基于公钥的方案（PKS）、基于密码的方案（PWS）和基于计费值的方案（BVS）。BVS能够实现前向和后向安全性，且仅依赖于哈希函数。安全性分析证明，所提出的方案，尤其是BVS，能够以较低的计算和存储成本实现安全目标。