Pharmacogenomics- Personalized Treatment of Cancer, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases

Pharmacogenomics is the study of genetic variations between individuals to predict the risk of toxic side effects and the probability that a patient will respond to single or multiple drug treatment. The ways people respond to drugs are complex traits that are influenced by many different genes. Pharmacogenomics intends to develop rational means of optimizing drug therapy, with respect to the patients’ genotype, to maximize efficacy with minimal adverse drug reactions. Pharmacogenomics has the potential to revolutionize the practice of medicine, and promises to guide in an area of personalized medicine, in which drugs and drug combinations are optimized for each individual’s unique genetic makeup. This review gives information regarding principles of pharmacogenomics and how pharmacogenomics can advance the development of personalized treatments by revealing genetic variations that predict individual responses to therapeutic interventions.

药物基因组学是研究个体之间的基因变异，以预测毒性副作用的风险以及患者对单一或多种药物治疗产生反应的可能性。人们对药物的反应方式是受许多不同基因影响的复杂性状。药物基因组学旨在根据患者的基因型开发合理的方法来优化药物治疗，以在最小的药物不良反应下实现最大疗效。药物基因组学有可能彻底改变医学实践，并有望在个性化医疗领域提供指导，即针对每个人独特的基因组成优化药物和药物组合。这篇综述提供了有关药物基因组学原理的信息，以及药物基因组学如何通过揭示预测个体对治疗干预反应的基因变异来推动个性化治疗的发展。