Cyber‐physical system testbed for power system monitoring and wide‐area control verification

The electric power system is intrinsically a cyber-physical system (CPS) with power flowing in the physical system and information flowing in the cyber-network. Testbeds are crucial for understanding the cyber-physical interactions and provide environments for prototyping novel applications. This study proposes a four-layer architecture for CPS testbeds with emphases on communication network emulation and networked physical components. A configurable software-defined network is employed to bridge physical components with wide-area applications for closed-loop control. In order to distribute physically coupled devices into multiple software simulations, this study proposes a data broker setup based on a distributed messaging environment to achieve low-latency data streaming. The decoupled design with data streaming allows for building testbed components as modules and running them in a distributed manner. Case studies verify the data broker setup for low-latency sensing and actuation, as well as the communication emulation setup for the desired network latency. Also illustrated is a replay attack scenario using synchrophasors in the Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC) 181-bus system for demonstrating the closed-loop cyber-physical simulation capability of the testbed.

电力系统本质上是一个信息物理系统（CPS），电力在物理系统中流动，信息在网络中流动。测试平台对于理解信息物理交互至关重要，并为新型应用的原型设计提供环境。本研究提出了一种用于信息物理系统测试平台的四层架构，重点在于通信网络仿真和网络化物理组件。采用可配置的软件定义网络将物理组件与广域应用连接起来以实现闭环控制。为了将物理耦合设备分配到多个软件模拟中，本研究提出了一种基于分布式消息传递环境的数据代理设置，以实现低延迟数据流。具有数据流的解耦设计允许将测试平台组件构建为模块并以分布式方式运行它们。案例研究验证了用于低延迟传感和驱动的数据代理设置，以及用于所需网络延迟的通信仿真设置。还展示了在西部电力协调委员会（WECC）181节点系统中使用同步相量的重放攻击场景，以证明测试平台的闭环信息物理仿真能力。