稻田反硝化速率测定方法研究进展

Denitrification is one of the main pathways for the loss of fertilizer nitrogen in flooded paddy fields. The adoption of an appropriate denitrification measurement method is a prerequisite for conducting research on denitrification in paddy fields. However, due to the high atmospheric background value of N2, the main product of the denitrification process, and the high spatial-temporal heterogeneity of denitrification, the difficulty in accurately quantifying the amount of nitrogen lost through denitrification in flooded paddy fields has always been a key problem hindering the scientific evaluation of gaseous nitrogen loss in paddy fields. This article reviews four methods for studying denitrification in paddy fields (the acetylene inhibition method, the 15N isotope tracer method, the closed incubation - helium environment method, and the N2/Ar ratio - membrane inlet mass spectrometry method), analyzes the respective advantages, disadvantages, and applicability of these methods, and puts forward reference suggestions for research on denitrification in paddy fields, with the aim of promoting research on denitrification in paddy fields.

反硝化作用是淹水稻田肥料氮损失的主要途径之一。采用合适的反硝化测定方法是开展稻田反硝化作用研究的前提。然而，由于反硝化过程主要产物N2 的大气背景值较高，以及反硝化作用具有高度时空异质性，淹水稻田反硝化作用损失氮量难以准确量化一直是阻碍科学评价稻田气态氮损失的关键难题。本文综述了研究稻田反硝化作用的4种方法(乙炔抑制法、15N同位素示踪法、密闭培养–氦气环境法和N2/Ar比值–膜进样质谱法)，分析了这些方法各自的优缺点和适用性，并提出了稻田反硝化研究的参考建议，以期推动稻田反硝化的研究。