家族企业治理模式的分类比较与演进规律

The root of the problems in the governance model of family enterprises lies in the establishment of a trust mechanism. During the growth process of family enterprises, different development stages require governance models matched with different trust mechanisms. However, currently, there are few studies examining the role of the matching of trust mechanisms in different stages. Based on the perspective of the matching of trust mechanisms in the initial stage and the continuous stage, this article divides the governance models of family enterprises into the kinship-based family enterprise governance model, the ritual-law-based family enterprise governance model, the interaction-based pan-family enterprise governance model, and the contract-based pan-family enterprise governance model. By constructing simulation models of these four types of family enterprise networks and comparing them, it is found that: the ritual-law-based family enterprise governance model has the best resource exchange efficiency, the contract-based pan-family enterprise governance model has relatively good resource exchange efficiency and fairness, while the resource exchange efficiencies of the kinship-based family enterprise and the interaction-based pan-family enterprise governance models are lower. This article analyzes the reasons affecting resource exchange efficiency by using overall social network characteristics such as network clustering coefficient, network centrality, and relationship strength. On this basis, the evolution of the governance model of family enterprises is summarized into three stages: ritual-law-based, pan-family-based, and contract-based. This has important guiding significance for Chinese family enterprises currently in the peak period of intergenerational succession.

家族企业治理模式问题的根源在于信任机制的建立。在家族企业成长过程中，不同的发展阶段需要不同信任机制匹配的治理模式，但目前鲜有研究对不同阶段信任机制匹配的作用进行考察。本文基于初始阶段与持续阶段的信任机制匹配的角度将家族企业治理模式分为亲缘型家族企业治理模式、礼法型家族企业治理模式、交往型泛家族企业治理模式、契约型泛家族企业治理模式，通过构建这四类家族企业网络仿真模型，比较发现：礼法型家族企业治理模式具有最好的资源交换效率，契约型泛家族企业治理模式具有较好的资源交换效率和较好的公平性，亲缘型家族企业和交往型泛家族企业治理模式的资源交换效率则较低。本文运用网络聚类系数、网络中心性、关系强度等整体社会网络特征分析了影响资源交换效率的原因。在此基础上，将家族企业治理模式演进总结为礼法化、泛家族化和契约化三个阶段。这对目前处于代际传承高峰期的中国家族企业有重要指导意义。