Self-Powered, One-Stop, and Multifunctional Implantable Triboelectric Active Sensor for Real-Time Biomedical Monitoring

Operation time of implantable electronic devices is largely constrained by the lifetime of batteries, which have to be replaced periodically by surgical procedures once: exhausted; causing physical and mental suffering to, patients and increasing healthcare costs. Besides the efficient scavenging of the mechanical energy of internal organs, this study proposes a self-powered, flexible, and one stop implantable triboelectric active sensor (iTEAS) that can provide continuous monitoring of multiple physiological and pathological signs. As demonstrated in human-scale animals, theldevice can-monitor heart rates, reaching an accuracy of similar to 99%. Cardiac arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation. and ventricular premature contraction can be detected in real-time. Furthermore, a novel method of monitoring respiratory rates and phases is established by analyzing, variations of the output peaks of the iTEAS. Blood pressure can be independently estimated and the velocity of blood flow calculated with the aid of a separate arteriaPpressure catheter. With the core shell packaging strategy,anonitoring functionality remains excellent during 72 h after closure of the chests The in vivo biocompatibility of the device is examined after 2 weeks of implantation, proving suitability for practical use. As a multifunctional biomedical monitor that is exempt from needing an external power supply, the proposed iTFAS holds great potential in the future of the healthcare industry.

植入式电子设备的运行时间在很大程度上受到电池寿命的限制，电池一旦耗尽，就必须通过手术定期更换，这给患者带来了身心痛苦，也增加了医疗成本。除了有效收集内脏的机械能外，本研究还提出了一种自供电、灵活的一站式植入式摩擦电活性传感器（iTEAS），它可以对多种生理和病理体征进行连续监测。正如在人体大小的动物身上所展示的那样，该设备可以监测心率，准确率接近99%。心房颤动和室性早搏等心律失常可以实时检测到。此外，通过分析iTEAS输出峰值的变化，建立了一种监测呼吸频率和呼吸阶段的新方法。借助单独的动脉压导管，可以独立估计血压并计算血流速度。采用核壳封装策略，在胸腔闭合后的72小时内，监测功能仍然良好。在植入2周后对该设备的体内生物相容性进行了检测，证明其适合实际使用。作为一种无需外部电源的多功能生物医学监测器，所提出的iTEAS在医疗保健行业的未来具有巨大潜力。