青藏高原冰缘植物多样性与适应机制研究进展

The alpine periglacial zone is adjacent to the snow line and located at the forefront of the alpine habitat. It ranks the highest in the vertical zonation of mountain plants and is one of the most extreme habitats in the terrestrial ecosystem. Affected by the combined influence of factors such as the changeable climate, diverse topography, unique biological exchange barriers and migration channels in the plateau environment, the Qinghai - Tibet Plateau has nurtured the richest periglacial plant diversity resources in the world. The formation and maintenance mechanisms of biodiversity in such extreme environments have always been hot and difficult issues of concern in the academic community. This article summarizes the latest research progress on the characteristics of plant diversity in the periglacial ecosystem of the Qinghai - Tibet Plateau and the ecological adaptation, reproduction and maintenance mechanisms of species, and pays special attention to the ecological adaptation structures of periglacial plants, the mutual assistance among plant species and the importance of co - evolution between plants and insects for maintaining the species diversity of the periglacial ecosystem. Existing studies have shown that global climate change will have an important impact on the maintenance of diversity and species coexistence in the periglacial ecosystem. How to predict and judge the fate of biodiversity resources in the periglacial ecosystem of the Qinghai - Tibet Plateau and its impact on ecosystem functions under the background of global climate change will be a new challenge for ecological researchers.

高山冰缘带紧邻雪线,位于高山生境的最前端,在山地植物垂直带谱中位居最高,是陆地生态系统中最为极端的生境之一.受到高原环境中多变的气候、多样的地形、独特的生物交流屏障和迁移通道等因素的综合影响,青藏高原孕育了全球最为丰富的冰缘植物多样性资源.这类极端环境下的生物多样性形成和维持机制一直是学界关注的热点和难点问题.本文总结了青藏高原冰缘生态系统植物多样性特征及物种生态适应、繁殖和维持机制的最新研究进展,并特别关注了冰缘植物的生态适应结构,植物种间互助以及植物与昆虫间协同进化对于维持冰缘生态系统物种多样性的重要性.已有研究表明,全球气候变化对于冰缘生态系统多样性维持和物种共存会产生重要影响.如何预测和判断全球气候变化背景下,青藏高原冰缘生态系统内生物多样性资源的命运及其对生态系统功能的影响,将是生态学研究者面临的新挑战.