乐观与悲观归因风格大学生对情绪信息的注意偏向

Objective: To explore the characteristics of attentional bias towards emotional information among college students with optimistic and pessimistic attribution styles. Methods: 83 college students were recruited online [43 in the optimistic group (20 males, 23 females), 40 in the pessimistic group (20 males, 20 females)]. A mixed experimental design of 2 cue validities (valid, invalid) × 2 emotion types (positive, negative) × 2 groups (optimistic group, pessimistic group) was adopted, and the cue - target paradigm was used to study the characteristics of attentional bias towards emotional information among college students with optimistic and pessimistic attribution styles. Results: Under the valid condition, the optimistic group responded to positive target stimuli faster than the pessimistic group [(311.4 ± 26.6) ms vs. (324.1 ± 47.0) ms, P < 0.05]; under the invalid condition, the optimistic group responded to negative target stimuli faster than the pessimistic group [(331.0 ± 31.7) ms vs. (337.4 ± 50.0) ms, P < 0.05). Conclusion: Optimistic individuals and pessimistic individuals have selective attentional biases towards positive information and negative information respectively.

目的:探讨乐观与悲观归因风格大学生对情绪信息的注意偏向特点。方法:通过网上招募83名大学生[乐观组43名(20男,23女),悲观组40名(20男,20女],采用2线索效度(有效、无效)×2情绪类型(正性、负性)×2组别(乐观组、悲观组)的混合实验设计,运用线索-靶子范式研究乐观与悲观归因风格大学生对情绪信息的注意偏向特点。结果:有效条件下,乐观组对正性靶刺激反应较悲观组更快[(311.4±26.6)ms vs.(324.1±47.0)ms,P0.05);无效条件下,乐观组对负性靶刺激的反应快于悲观组[(331.0±31.7)ms vs.(337.4±50.0)ms,P0.05)。结论:乐观个体与悲观个体分别对正性信息与负性信息存在选择性注意偏向。