数字化测绘技术在私家园林中的应用研究

【Objective】To summarize the efficient digital measurement methods and result expression methods applicable to private gardens, and to provide references for the inheritance research and heritage protection of private gardens. 【Methods】The characteristics, surveying and mapping contents and tasks of private gardens were analyzed, and the main measurement techniques and result expression methods applicable to private gardens were compared. Taking Suiyuan Garden in Suzhou as an example, the ground three-dimensional laser scanning and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) close-range photogrammetry techniques were used to scan and photograph the measurement objects on the ground and in the air respectively. Then, the point cloud data obtained by the ground three-dimensional laser scanning was processed by software Cyclone for splicing, denoising, texture mapping and sectioning, etc. The images obtained by the UAV close-range photography were processed by software Pix4DMapper for splicing, point cloud densification and modeling, etc. Finally, multiple drawing software were used to draw and process the surveying and mapping maps of the point cloud slices in a real scene. 【Results】The specific types, effects, characteristics and production methods of the surveying and mapping methods and result expression methods applicable to private gardens were put forward, and the three-dimensional point cloud model of the elements in Suiyuan Garden in Suzhou, the two-dimensional line drawings such as the plane and section of the garden and buildings, the image maps and three-dimensional real scene models of the upper space and surrounding environment of the garden were obtained. 【Conclusion】At present, the measurement methods more applicable to private gardens mainly include three-dimensional laser scanning measurement and close-range photogrammetry. The choice of specific surveying and mapping methods and expression methods needs to comprehensively consider factors such as surveying and mapping requirements and effects, work efficiency and cost. However, the combined use of ground three-dimensional laser scanning and UAV close-range photogrammetry is an efficient surveying and mapping method to obtain the garden space and elements and further research the required information.

【目的】总结私家园林所适用的高效数字化测量方法和结果表达方式，为私家园林的传承研究和遗产保护 提供参考 。【方法】 分析私家园林的特点、测绘内容和任务，对私家园林可运用的主要测量技术和结果表达方式 进行比较，并以苏州遂园为例，通过地面三维激光扫描和无人机近景摄影测量技术，分别对测量对象进行地面和 空中的扫描及拍摄，然后利用软件 Cyclone 对地面三维激光扫描所获点云数据进行拼接、去噪、纹理映射和剖切 等处理，利用软件 Pix4DMapper 对无人机近景摄影所获影像进行拼接、点云加密和建模等处理，最后利用多款绘 图软件对点云切片进行测绘图的实景化绘制和处理 。【结果】 提出私家园林适用的测绘方法和结果表达方式的 具体类型、效果、特点及其制作方法，获得苏州遂园园内要素的三维点云模型、园林和建筑的平面和剖面等二维 线画图、园林上部空间及周围环境的影像图和三维实景模型 。【结论】 目前私家园林较适用的测量方法主要包括 三维激光扫描测量和近景摄影测量，具体测绘方法和表达方式的选择需综合考虑测绘要求和效果、工作效率及 成本等因素，但地面三维激光扫描和无人机近景摄影测量的配合使用是一种获得园林空间和要素以进一步研究 所需信息的高效测绘方法。