水合物法分离气体的促进剂及促进机理研究进展

At present, there is no unified conclusion on the formation mechanism of hydrates after adding promoters. This article elaborates in detail on the promoting mechanisms such as the surface tension reduction theory, the critical micelle theory, the capillary effect theory, the template effect theory, and the surface hydrophobic effect theory for the formation of gas hydrates. It reviews the application research progress of traditional promoters (THF, CP, SDS), bio-environmentally friendly promoters (amino acids, starch), especially ionic liquids in the phase equilibrium experiments, kinetic laws, and promoting mechanisms of gas hydrate formation. It expounds the research status of ionic liquid semi-clathrate hydrate promoters in the separation of mixed gases and points out that the intermolecular forces among the promoter, gas, and water should be studied starting from the structural properties of the promoter and its aggregation form in the aqueous phase, and a screening system for various gas hydrate promoters should be established.

目前添加促进剂后水合物形成机理并无统一定论,本文详细阐述了气体水合物形成的降低表面张力理论、临界胶束理论、毛细效应理论、模板效应理论和表面疏水效应理论等促进机理,综述了传统促进剂(THF、CP、SDS)、生物环保型促进剂(氨基酸、淀粉),尤其是离子液体在气体水合物形成相平衡实验、动力学规律和促进机理方面的应用研究进展,阐述了离子液体半笼型水合促进剂在混合气体分离方面的研究现状,指出应从促进剂结构性质及其在水相中的聚集形态入手,研究促进剂–气体–水之间的分子间作用力,建立各类气体水合物促进剂的筛选体系.