Predictors of freezing of gait in Chinese patients with Parkinson's disease.

To explore the clinical predictors of freezing of gait (FOG) in Chinese patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). This study included 225 patients with PD who completed a three‐year follow‐up visit. The end‐point was the presence of FOG (freezers), which was assessed during the follow‐up visit. Group comparisons were conducted, followed by a further forward binary logistic regression analysis. Eighty‐five patients with PD (38%) had developed FOG at the end of study. At baseline, freezers exhibited higher age, longer disease duration, higher scores in Unified PD Rating Scale (UPDRS) III and Hamilton Depression/Anxiety Rating Scale, lower Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) score, higher subscores (e.g., “urgency”) and frequencies (e.g., “hallucinations”) in Non‐Motor Symptoms Scale, higher annual changes in MoCA, UPDRS III and FAB scores, and higher incidences of festination and falls than nonfreezers (p < .05). The forward binary logistic regression model indicated that a longer disease duration, a higher UPDRS III score, higher annual changes in UPDRS III score and “visuospatial/executive abilities” subscore, onset in lower limbs, and the presence of festination, falls, and hallucinations were associated with the development of FOG. Patients with onset in the lower limbs and the presence of festination, falls, and hallucinations may be prone to develop FOG episodes. FOG also likely occurs with the deterioration of PD severity and visuospatial function.

探讨中国帕金森病（PD）患者步态冻结（FOG）的临床预测因素。 本研究纳入225例完成了3年随访的帕金森病患者。终点是随访期间评估的FOG（冻结者）的出现情况。进行了组间比较，随后进一步进行了向前二元逻辑回归分析。 在研究结束时，85例帕金森病患者（38%）出现了FOG。在基线时，冻结者表现出年龄更大、病程更长、统一帕金森病评定量表（UPDRS）第三部分和汉密尔顿抑郁/焦虑评定量表得分更高、额叶评估量表（FAB）得分更低、非运动症状量表中分项得分（如“尿急”）和频率（如“幻觉”）更高、蒙特利尔认知评估量表（MoCA）、UPDRS第三部分和FAB得分的年变化更大，以及慌张步态和跌倒的发生率高于非冻结者（p < 0.05）。向前二元逻辑回归模型表明，病程更长、UPDRS第三部分得分更高、UPDRS第三部分得分和“视空间/执行能力”分项得分的年变化更大、下肢起病以及存在慌张步态、跌倒和幻觉与FOG的发生相关。 下肢起病以及存在慌张步态、跌倒和幻觉的患者可能更容易出现FOG发作。FOG也可能随着帕金森病严重程度和视空间功能的恶化而发生。