Repetition blindness and illusory conjunctions: errors in binding visual types with visual tokens.

Repetition blindness (Kanwisher, 1986, 1987) has been defined as the failure to detect or recall repetitions of words presented in rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP). The experiments presented here suggest that repetition blindness (RB) is a more general visual phenomenon, and examine its relationship to feature integration theory (Treisman & Gelade, 1980). Experiment 1 shows RB for letters distributed through space, time, or both. Experiment 2 demonstrates RB for repeated colors in RSVP lists. In Experiments 3 and 4, RB was found for repeated letters and colors in spatial arrays. Experiment 5 provides evidence that the mental representations of discrete objects (called "visual tokens" here) that are necessary to detect visual repetitions (Kanwisher, 1987) are the same as the "object files" (Kahneman & Treisman, 1984) in which visual features are conjoined. In Experiment 6, repetition blindness for the second occurrence of a repeated letter resulted only when the first occurrence was attended to. The overall results suggest that a general dissociation between types and tokens in visual information processing can account for both repetition blindness and illusory conjunctions.

重复盲视（坎维舍，1986年，1987年）被定义为在快速序列视觉呈现（RSVP）中无法检测或回忆所呈现单词的重复。这里介绍的实验表明，重复盲视（RB）是一种更普遍的视觉现象，并检验了它与特征整合理论（特雷斯曼和吉拉德，1980年）的关系。实验1显示了在空间、时间或两者中分布的字母存在重复盲视。实验2证明了在RSVP列表中重复颜色存在重复盲视。在实验3和4中，在空间阵列中发现重复字母和颜色存在重复盲视。实验5提供的证据表明，检测视觉重复所必需的离散物体的心理表征（在此称为“视觉标记”）（坎维舍，1987年）与视觉特征相结合的“对象文件”（卡尼曼和特雷斯曼，1984年）是相同的。在实验6中，只有当注意到重复字母的第一次出现时，才会出现对其第二次出现的重复盲视。总体结果表明，视觉信息处理中类型和标记之间的普遍分离可以解释重复盲视和错觉性结合。