我国淡水螺及螺传性传染病

Freshwater snails are gastropods living in fresh water, and some of their species are also important economic and medical shellfish, possessing significant economic and pharmaceutical values. It is noteworthy that the disorderly expansion of certain freshwater snail species can have adverse impacts on the ecological environment. At the same time, they are intermediate hosts for various parasites and transmission vectors for many bacteria and viruses. Snail-borne infectious diseases can seriously affect human health and cause severe socioeconomic losses to animal husbandry, aquaculture, etc. However, currently, there are relatively few studies on freshwater snails and snail-borne infectious diseases at home and abroad, and it is easy to overlook the adverse effects they bring. Therefore, this article summarizes the species diversity, distribution status of freshwater snails in China as well as snail-borne infectious diseases, and further understands the transmission vectors and patterns of freshwater snail-borne infectious diseases in China, providing a certain theoretical basis for effectively monitoring the distribution and spread of freshwater snails and formulating preventive and control measures for freshwater snail-borne infectious diseases.

淡水螺是生活在淡水中的腹足类动物，其部分物种也是重要的经济和医学贝类，具有重要的经济学和药学价值。值得注意的是，某些淡水螺类的无序扩张会对生态环境造成不良影响，同时也是多种寄生虫的中间宿主以及多种细菌和病毒的传播媒介。螺传性传染病会严重影响人类的健康并且会给畜牧业、养殖业等造成严重社会经济损失。然而目前国内外有关淡水螺及螺传性传染病的研究较少，易忽视其带来的不良影响。因此，本文就我国淡水螺的物种多样性，分布现状以及螺传性传染病进行归纳总结，进而了解我国淡水螺源性传染病的传播媒介和传播模式，为有效监控淡水螺的分布和扩散，以及制定淡水螺源性传染病的预防控制措施提供一定的理论基础。