压裂泵柱塞密封副优化技术的发展与展望

In order to break through the bottleneck of the optimization technology of the fracturing pump plunger sealing pair, further improve the working performance of the fracturing equipment and achieve an increase in oil and gas production, starting from the actual working conditions and sealing mechanism of the fracturing pump plunger sealing system, the research status of the failure of the fracturing pump plunger sealing pair is summarized, and the existing optimization technologies of the fracturing pump plunger sealing pair are sorted out and summarized. On this basis, combined with the latest research results in related fields such as tribology and materials science, suggestions and prospects for the future development of the optimization technology of the fracturing pump plunger sealing pair in China are put forward. The research results show that: ① The surface texturing technology has been proven to significantly reduce the friction and wear of the plunger sealing pair, and full-scale texturized plunger sealing system tests under the actual working conditions of the fracturing pump should be actively designed and carried out to promote the application process of the surface texturized plunger; ② In view of the performance shortcomings of rubber seals and the working requirements of the fracturing pump plunger sealing system, it is urgently necessary to use material modification technologies to further enhance the comprehensive performance of the sealing rubber; ③ The synergistic effect of the surface texturing technology, the surface coating technology and the material modification technology in terms of reducing friction and wear determines the feasibility and necessity of compounding them into a new optimization technology for the fracturing pump plunger sealing pair. In the future, the practical application problems of the compound technology under the working conditions of the fracturing pump should be addressed. It is concluded that the current situation of the exploration and development of oil and gas resources in China puts forward higher requirements for the working performance of the fracturing equipment. The optimization of the fracturing pump plunger sealing pair must be combined with its own actual situation, and the relevant theories and methods in multiple disciplinary fields should be referenced, digested, absorbed and re-innovated, and then a set of optimization technologies for the fracturing pump plunger sealing pair that conforms to the actual situation in China should be formed.

为了打破压裂泵柱塞密封副优化技术的瓶颈、进一步提升压裂设备的工作性能、实现油气增产,从压裂泵柱塞密封系统的实际工况和密封机理出发,概述了压裂泵柱塞密封副失效的研究现状,梳理和总结了现有的压裂泵柱塞密封副优化技术;在此基础上,结合摩擦学和材料学等相关领域的最新研究成果,对我国压裂泵柱塞密封副优化技术未来的发展提出了建议和展望。研究结果表明:①表面织构技术已被证实能显著降低柱塞密封副的摩擦磨损,应积极设计和开展压裂泵实际工况下的全尺寸织构化柱塞密封系统试验,以推动表面织构化柱塞的应用进程;②针对橡胶密封件的性能短板以及压裂泵柱塞密封系统的工作要求,亟需采用材料改性技术来进一步增强密封橡胶的综合性能;③表面织构技术、表面涂层技术、材料改性技术在减摩抗磨等方面的协同效应决定了将其复合成压裂泵柱塞密封副优化新技术的可行性和必要性,未来应着手解决复合技术在压裂泵工况下的实际应用问题。结论认为,我国油气资源的勘探开发现状对压裂设备的工作性能提出了更高的要求,压裂泵柱塞密封副的优化必须结合自身实际,对多学科领域的相关理论和方法进行借鉴、消化、吸收与再创新,进而形成一套符合我国实际的压裂泵柱塞密封副优化技术。