云南铜壁关自然保护区及邻近区域蚂蚁物种分布格局

【Objective】To reveal the distribution pattern of ants in Tongbiguan Nature Reserve in Yunnan and adjacent areas. 【Methods】The plot investigation method was used to study the species distribution pattern of ants in this area. 【Results】A total of 130 species of ants belonging to 50 genera and 10 subfamilies were found in this area. Most of the species had a narrow horizontal distribution, with 98 species only appearing in 1 - 2 horizontal areas, accounting for 75.4% of the total number of species; there were more species with narrow and very narrow vertical distributions, reaching 111 species, accounting for 85.4% of the total number of species; among the 7 types of habitats, the mountain rainforest had the richest ant species (74 species), followed by the valley rainforest (60 species), and the mossy evergreen broad-leaved forest had the least (1 species); the number of ants foraging in the soil was the largest (82 species), followed by those foraging on the ground surface (77 species); the number of species nesting in the soil was the largest (46 species), followed by those nesting on the ground surface (16 species). The rich and complex ecological environment can provide more niches, which is the main reason for the formation of the current distribution pattern in this area. 【Conclusion】The ant species in Tongbiguan Nature Reserve in Yunnan and adjacent areas are rich, but the distribution and ecological adaptation range of most species are narrow. It is recommended to strengthen the protection of endemic narrow-range species in this area.

【目的】揭示云南铜壁关自然保护区及邻近区域蚂蚁分布规律。【方法】采用样地调查法对该区域蚂蚁.物种分布格局进行研究。【结果】该区域发现蚂蚁 10 亚科 50 属 130 种，其中大部分物种水平分布狭窄，有.98 种仅出现在 1~2 个水平区域内，占物种总数的 75.4%；垂直分布较窄和狭窄物种较多，达 111 种，占物种.总数的 85.4%；7 类栖息生境中，以山地雨林的蚂蚁物种最丰富 (74 种)，其次为沟谷雨林 (60 种)，苔藓常绿.阔叶林最少 (1 种)；以土壤内觅食的蚂蚁最多 (82 种)，其次为地表觅食 (77 种)；以土壤内筑巢种类最多.(46 种)，其次为地表筑巢 (16 种)。丰富、复杂的生态环境可提供更多的生态位，是该区域形成现有分布格局.的主要原因。【结论】云南铜壁关自然保护区及邻近区域蚂蚁物种丰富，但多数种类分布和生态适应幅度狭.窄，建议加强本地特有狭域物种保护。