Circadian rhythms in infectious diseases and symbiosis.

Timing is everything. Many organisms across the tree of life have evolved timekeeping mechanisms that regulate numerous of their cellular functions to optimize timing by anticipating changes in the environment. The specific environmental changes that are sensed depends on the organism. For animals, plants, and free-living microbes, environmental cues include light/dark cycles, daily temperature fluctuations, among others. In contrast, for a microbe that is never free-living, its rhythmic environment is its host’s rhythmic biology. Here, we describe recent research on the interactions between hosts and microbes, from the perspective both of symbiosis as well as infections. In addition to describing the biology of the microbes, we focus specifically on how circadian clocks modulate these host-microbe interactions.

时机就是一切。生命之树上的许多生物都进化出了计时机制，通过预测环境的变化来调节其众多的细胞功能以优化时机。所感知到的特定环境变化因生物而异。对于动物、植物和自由生活的微生物来说，环境线索包括光照/黑暗周期、每日温度波动等。相比之下，对于一种从不自由生活的微生物来说，其有节律的环境是其宿主有节律的生理活动。在这里，我们从共生以及感染的角度描述了宿主与微生物之间相互作用的最新研究。除了描述微生物的生物学特性外，我们还特别关注生物钟如何调节这些宿主 - 微生物的相互作用。