小麦新型化学杂交剂的筛选及其诱导败育后小麦的农艺性状

In order to expand the types of chemicals for the two-line approach of wheat chemical control and reduce the seed production cost of wheat hybrids, this study used Xinong 1376 (a material with light wax) and Aikang 58 (a material with thick wax) to test the effects of 20 chemical agents on inducing male sterility in wheat, and statistically analyzed the relevant indicators of plant phenotypes. The results showed that there were significant differences in the effects of various agents on inducing pollen abortion in wheat. At the Feek's 8.5 stage, the 25% X + N (XN - 1) agent could induce a male sterility rate of over 98% in the plant populations of Xinong 1376 and Aikang 58, and the plant phenotypes and pistil development were normal. Only the plant height was reduced by about 5 cm. After saturated pollination, the seed setting rate was normal, and normal hybrid seeds could be obtained. Subsequently, further studies were carried out on the efficacy and application range of the newly screened wheat chemical hybridizing agent XN - 1 in Yinchuan, Xining and other places. The results showed that XN - 1 could induce a male sterility rate of over 98% in spring wheat varieties Yinchuan P, Yinchuan Q, Xining P and Xining Q, with only the plant height reduced by about 5 - 10 cm, and other plant type indicators were not affected. Therefore, it is considered that XN - 1 has the characteristics of an excellent wheat chemical hybridizing agent and the potential for large-scale application in the research on the utilization of wheat heterosis.

为拓展小麦化控两系途径的药剂种类，降低小麦杂交种制种成本，本研究利用西农1376（浅蜡质材料）和矮抗58（厚蜡质材料）检验20种化学药剂诱导小麦雄性不育的效果, 并对植株表型相关指标进行统计分析。结果表明，各药剂诱导小麦花粉败育效果差异较大，Feek's 8.5时期，25%X+N（XN-1）药剂可诱导西农1376和矮抗58植株群体雄性不育率达98%以上，且植株表型及雌蕊发育正常，仅株高降低约5cm，对其进行饱和授粉，结实率正常，并能获得正常杂交种子。随后，在银川、西宁等地对新筛选的小麦化学杂交剂XN-1的药效和应用范围做了进一步研究，结果表明，XN-1可诱导春小麦品种银川P、银川Q和西宁P、西宁Q产生98%以上的雄性不育率，仅株高降低约5-10cm，其他株型指标不受影响。因此，认为XN-1具有优良小麦化学杂交剂的特点和大面积应用于小麦杂种优势利用研究的潜力。