BAR, F-BAR (EFC) and ENTH/ANTH domains in the regulation of membrane-cytosol interfaces and membrane curvature

BAR and ENTH domains are families of alpha-helical lipid bilayer binding modules found in proteins that function in endocytosis, actin regulation and signaling. Several members of these families not only bind the bilayer, but also participate in the regulation of its curvature. These properties are thought to play physiological roles at sites of membrane budding and at other sites where narrow tubular membranes occur in vivo. Studies of BAR and ENTH domains and of their flanking regions have provided new insights into mechanisms of membrane deformation and curvature sensing, and have emphasized the importance of amphipathic helices, thought to intercalate in one of the leaflets of the lipid bilayer, in the generation of membrane curvature. Structural studies and database searches are rapidly expanding the BAR and ENTH domains families, with the identification of new related domains and subfamilies, such as F-BAR (also called EFC) domains and ANTH domains, respectively. Here we present a short overview of the properties of these domains based on evidence obtained from genetics, cell biology, biochemistry and structural biology. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

BAR和ENTH结构域是在蛋白质中发现的α-螺旋脂质双层结合模块家族，这些蛋白质在内吞作用、肌动蛋白调节和信号传导中发挥作用。这些家族的若干成员不仅结合双层膜，还参与其曲率的调节。这些特性被认为在膜出芽部位以及体内出现狭窄管状膜的其他部位发挥生理作用。对BAR和ENTH结构域及其侧翼区域的研究为膜变形和曲率感知机制提供了新的见解，并强调了两亲性螺旋在膜曲率产生中的重要性，据认为两亲性螺旋插入脂质双层的其中一层。结构研究和数据库搜索正在迅速扩充BAR和ENTH结构域家族，分别鉴定出了新的相关结构域和亚家族，如F - BAR（也称为EFC）结构域和ANTH结构域。在此，我们根据从遗传学、细胞生物学、生物化学和结构生物学获得的证据，对这些结构域的特性进行简要概述。(c) 2006爱思唯尔有限公司。保留所有权利。