No Effect of the Dietary Inflammatory Index on Psychological Health During Caloric Restriction: A Secondary Analysis of the CALERIE Trial Data

Anti-inflammatory diets have been suggested to improve psychological health. This research evaluated the combined effects of consuming an anti-inflammatory diet and caloric restriction (CR) on changes in perceived stress and health-related quality of life in a healthy, non-obese population.We conducted a secondary analysis of the publicly available CALERIE data. Participants were randomized to a 2 year CR intervention (n = 143) or an ad libitum Control group (n = 75) and self-selected their dietary intake. An energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index (DII) was calculated based on 28 components from self-reported food records. Self-reported stress and general health outcomes were measured using validated questionnaires. Linear mixed models were used to assess changes in each outcome from baseline to 12 and 24 months. Models were adjusted for age, sex, baseline outcome measure, change in body fat, and a treatment by DII interaction term.On average, participants were 38.1 ± 7.2 years old with a BMI of 25.1 ± 1.7 kg/m2. Baseline characteristics, including the DII, stress, and general health, did not differ with randomization. There was no significant association between temporal changes in DII and changes in stress or general health in the CR or Control groups. On average, both groups tended to report higher stress at 12 months; however, there was no difference in perceived stress between groups (adjusted mean difference [MD]: 0.5; 95% confidence interval [CI]: –0.4, 1.5; = 0.25). There was an improvement in reported general health in the CR group at 12 months (MD: 4.1; 95% CI: 2.2, 6.0; < 0.001), but not in Controls (MD: 1.6; 95% CI: –1.2, 4.3; = 0.26). Yet self-reported general health was similar both groups (MD: 2.5; 95% CI: –1.3, 6.3; = 0.16). The effect of a CR intervention on both outcomes did not differ with change in DII. Similar results were observed at 24 months.There was no indication of any contribution of a low DII score on perceived stress and general health in the presence of CR. Additional research is required to enhance our understanding of the implications of dietary inflammation on a broad range of psychological health outcomes.Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging Doctoral Scholarship; USDA agreement #8050–51,000-105–01S.

抗炎饮食被认为可改善心理健康。本研究评估了在健康的非肥胖人群中，摄入抗炎饮食和热量限制（CR）对感知压力和健康相关生活质量变化的综合影响。我们对公开可用的CALERIE数据进行了二次分析。参与者被随机分为为期2年的热量限制干预组（n = 143）或随意进食的对照组（n = 75），并自行选择饮食摄入。根据自我报告的食物记录中的28种成分计算出能量调整后的饮食炎症指数（DII）。使用经过验证的问卷测量自我报告的压力和总体健康状况。采用线性混合模型评估从基线到12个月和24个月每个结果的变化。模型根据年龄、性别、基线结果测量值、体脂变化以及DII交互作用项进行调整。 平均而言，参与者年龄为38.1 ± 7.2岁，体重指数为25.1 ± 1.7 kg/m²。包括DII、压力和总体健康在内的基线特征在随机分组中没有差异。在热量限制组或对照组中，DII的时间变化与压力或总体健康的变化之间没有显著关联。平均而言，两组在12个月时都倾向于报告更高的压力；然而，两组之间感知到的压力没有差异（调整后的平均差[MD]：0.5；95%置信区间[CI]：–0.4，1.5；P = 0.25）。热量限制组在12个月时报告的总体健康状况有所改善（MD：4.1；95% CI：2.2，6.0；P < 0.001），但对照组没有（MD：1.6；95% CI：–1.2，4.3；P = 0.26）。然而，自我报告的总体健康状况在两组中相似（MD：2.5；95% CI：–1.3，6.3；P = 0.16）。热量限制干预对两种结果的影响在DII变化时没有差异。在24个月时观察到了类似的结果。 在存在热量限制的情况下，没有迹象表明低DII评分对感知压力和总体健康有任何贡献。需要进一步的研究来加深我们对饮食炎症对广泛的心理健康结果影响的理解。 美国农业部让·迈耶人类衰老营养研究中心博士奖学金；美国农业部协议#8050–51,000 - 105–01S