Fish consumption, long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake and risk of metabolic syndrome: a meta-analysis.

Fish and long-chain ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCω3PUFA) intake in relation to the risk of cardiovascular diseases have been well studied. However, studies that directly link fish consumption or LCω3PUFA intake to the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) are sparse and the results are inconsistent. We reviewed literature through December 2014 and used random-effects or fixed-effects models, as appropriate, to pool the associations of fish or LCω3PUFA intake with the risk of MetS. Nine independent cross-sectional samples (seven cross-sectional studies) and three independent prospective cohorts (two prospective cohort studies) were identified as eligible for this meta-analysis. By pooling data from the prospective cohorts (7860 participants and 1671 incident cases), a significant inverse association between fish consumption and incidence of MetS was found. The pooled RR (95% CI) was 0.71 (0.58, 0.87), comparing the highest to the lowest category of fish consumption, and 0.94 (0.90, 0.98) for one serving/week increment. Consistent results were found for LCω3PUFA intake. Non-significant inverse association of fish or LCω3PUFA intake with risk of MetS was found when pooling the cross-sectional studies. By quantitatively summarizing the literature, a modest inverse association between fish or LCω3PUFA intake and risk of MetS cannot be excluded.

鱼类及长链ω - 3多不饱和脂肪酸（LCω3PUFA）的摄入与心血管疾病风险的关系已得到充分研究。然而，将鱼类消费或LCω3PUFA摄入与代谢综合征（MetS）风险直接关联的研究较少，且结果不一致。我们查阅了截至2014年12月的文献，并酌情使用随机效应或固定效应模型，汇总鱼类或LCω3PUFA摄入与代谢综合征风险之间的关联。九个独立的横断面样本（七项横断面研究）和三个独立的前瞻性队列（两项前瞻性队列研究）被确定符合本次荟萃分析的条件。通过汇总前瞻性队列的数据（7860名参与者和1671例发病病例），发现鱼类消费与代谢综合征发病率之间存在显著的负相关。将鱼类消费量最高组与最低组相比，汇总的相对危险度（RR）（95%置信区间[CI]）为0.71（0.58，0.87），每周增加一份的RR为0.94（0.90，0.98）。LCω3PUFA摄入也得到了一致的结果。汇总横断面研究时，发现鱼类或LCω3PUFA摄入与代谢综合征风险之间呈非显著的负相关。通过对文献进行定量总结，不能排除鱼类或LCω3PUFA摄入与代谢综合征风险之间存在适度的负相关。