面向城市可持续发展的自然解决途径(NBSs)研究进展

Nature-based solutions (NBSs) have been a hot topic in applied ecological research in recent years. The concept is to comprehensively consider economic, environmental and social benefits, introduce the service functions of natural ecosystems to repair, restore and even enhance the level of urban ecological infrastructure, and thus address the challenges of sustainable development faced by cities. The proposal of nature-based solutions has injected fresh blood into ecological design and provided new perspectives and technical methods. Based on the VOSviewer bibliometric analysis software, a comprehensive analysis was conducted on the hot keywords, major research countries, institutions and global distribution of urban nature-based solutions research. The results showed that: (1) From 2015 to 2018, the number of research papers on urban NBSs gradually increased, covering 6 continents (Europe, North America, Asia, South America, Oceania, Africa), and most cases were the summary and refinement of some methods or experiences that could be classified as nature-based solutions in existing implementation projects; (2) The research hotspots related to urban NBSs mainly involved ecosystem services, green infrastructure, climate change, human health and well-being in descending order; (3) The main research forces on urban nature-based solutions are mainly concentrated in Europe, and currently China's research on NBSs is still in the initial stage. It will be helpful to promote the development of nature-based solutions research and practice in China, and at the same time provide new perspectives and new technologies for urban ecological design and sustainable development.

自然解决途径(NBSs)是近几年生态学应用研究的热点,其理念是综合考虑经济、环境和社会效益,引入自然生态系统服务功能用来修复、恢复甚至提升城市生态基础设施水平,进而解决城市面临的可持续发展挑战。自然解决途径的提出为生态设计注入了新鲜的血液,提供了新的视野和技术方法。基于VOSviewer文献计量分析软件对城市自然解决途径研究的热点关键词、主要研究国家、机构以及全球分布进行了综合分析。结果发现:(1)2015年至2018年有关城市NBSs的研究论文逐渐增多,覆盖6大洲(欧洲、北美洲、亚洲、南美洲、大洋洲、非洲),多数案例是对已有实施工程中采用的可以归纳为自然解决途径的某些方法或者经验的总结凝练;(2)与城市NBSs相关研究热点从高到低主要涉及生态系统服务、绿色基础设施、气候变化、人群健康与福祉;(3)城市自然解决途径研究的主要力量主要聚集在欧洲,目前中国对于NBSs研究仍处于初期起步阶段。将有助于促进自然解决途径研究及实践在中国的发展,同时为城市生态设计和可持续发展提供新视野和新技术。