电动汽车用交替极混合励磁电机驱动系统广域高效运行机理研究

It is a research hotspot in the field of electric vehicle motor drives to achieve wide area efficient operation, widen the speed range, and improve energy efficiency. For widely used interior permanent magnet (IPM) motors, there are the problems of weak magnetic field and permanent magnet demagnetization, due to the excitation of a single permanent magnet. This project breaks through the technical constraints of traditional IPM motors and creatively proposes a topological structure of a brushless hybrid excitation motor drive system with consequent pole segmented stators. Through partitioned windings, consequent pole rotors, segmented stators and coordinated control of excitation current and armature current, it also broadens the speed range and efficient operation area, while maintaining the high performance output of the system. Focusing on this kind of motor drive system, researches are developed in magnetic field regulation mechanism, global performance multi-objective optimization design and coordinate control of excitation current and armature current etc. The comprehensive design and simulation computing platform is built, in which the design, optimization and system control are integrated. Prototype and experimental verification system are constructed; the commonalities and characteristics of the proposed drive system are compared with the conventional system. Furthermore, the general rules of design and control under the operating conditions of the electric vehicle are summarized. The research of this project is a frontier subject in the field of electrical engineering and energy transportation, and it will lay a theoretical and technological foundation for this kind of motor drive system’s application in the field of electric vehicles.

实现广域高效运行，拓宽转速范围，提高能源利用率是电动汽车电机驱动领域的研究热点。目前广泛应用的内置式永磁（IPM）电机，由于单一永磁体励磁，存在弱磁困难和永磁体退磁问题。本项目突破传统IPM电机的技术束缚，创造性地提出一种交替极分段定子无刷混合励磁电机驱动系统拓扑结构，通过分区绕组、交替极转子、分段定子以及励磁电流与电枢电流协调控制，在保持系统高性能输出的同时，拓宽转速范围和高效运行区域。针对该类电机驱动系统，重点围绕磁场调节机理、全局性能多目标优化设计、励磁电流与电枢电流协调控制等方面开展研究；建立集电机设计、优化、系统控制于一体的综合设计仿真计算平台；构建原型样机与实验验证系统；比较该驱动系统与常规系统的共性与特性，并归纳其在电动汽车运行工况下设计与控制的一般规律。本项目的研究是电气工程学科及能源交通领域的前沿课题，将为该类电机驱动系统在电动汽车领域的应用奠定理论与技术基础。

为满足电动汽车广域高效运行需求，本项目提出一类交替极混合励磁电机及其驱动系统，将分区绕组、交替极转子与分段定子相结合并协调控制励磁电流和电枢电流，在保持系统高性能输出同时拓宽转速范围，实现广域高效运行。主要研究内容有：电机拓扑结构与运行原理，多目标优化设计，电磁性能特性，广域高效驱动控制和样机制造及实验验证。.本项目采用理论分析、有限元仿真与实验研究相结合方法，对一类交替极混合励磁电机及其控制系统进行研究，取得一些重要结论和成果：1）提出一种交替极分段定子无刷混合励磁电机拓扑结构，具有较好转矩输出能力，稳定性强，可行性高；2）基于交替极分段定子无刷混合励磁电机，提出一种最大励磁转矩输出控制和高速区效率寻优策略，提高整体输出性能和运行效率；3）对一种交替极分段定子无刷混合励磁电机进行优化设计，提出一种径-轴向交替极混合励磁电机，有效提高输出转矩，扩大转速范围；4）基于径-轴向交替极混合励磁电机，提出一种宽调速高效电流分配策略，在恒转矩区、高速弱磁区以及深度弱磁区实现全速域高效协调控制。.本项目提出的一类交替极混合励磁电机不同于现有拓扑结构，具有创新性与原创性，为拓宽永磁同步电机调速范围提供新的思路和方法，具有重要理论和实践意义，非常适用于电动汽车领域。

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