高密度城市建成环境下轨道交通站点周边步行可达性模型

In responding to the sustainable and low-carbon eco-city concern, planners aim to encourage walking and rail-based transit in order to reduce motorized transport,as well as improve urban space utilization and commercial developments, through interventions in the built environment. Due to the limited number of empirical studies in the literature and their mixed findings, the influence of built environment on walking behavior is still largely undetermined. The lack of a solid theoretical base weakens scientific support for urban pedestrian system planning and design. The proposed research is well positioned to explore the influence of built environment on walking behavior in high-density urban China, where very little study has been conducted. An empirical study will be conducted using survey instruments, with respondents selected from neighborhoods close to rail transit stations in Tianjin, Beijing, Shenzhen and Hong Kong. Inferential statistics and GIS-based spatial analysis will be used to determine the impact of built environment and socio-demographic factors. The research team aims to understand the relationship between a variety of factors on walking behavior in high-density urban China by investigating the physical and perceived aspects of the built environment and perception, as well as the socio-economic status of residents. An accessibility model will be presented to evaluate the quality of pedestrian system in the case study. Capability and limits of scope for pedestrian service areas of the transit stations will be calculated based on a deeper understanding of behavior. Then quantitative parameters, indicators, and urban design strategies will be proposed to support pedestrian system planning and pedestrian facility design. Typical areas around rail transit stations are selected as demonstration projects for design and planning optimization to verify this methodology. The research output will improve the scientific theory on built environment's influence on urban walking behavior in China. From a practical perspective, quantitative assessment and urban design and planning strategies suggested through this model will be significant to improve the quality of the pedestrian environment and enlarge the service scope of rail transit station. These efforts, if successful, will provide more potential for green transportation and consequently reduce carbon emission in urban development.

推广步行往来轨道交通站点，是城市绿色交通和TOD 等模式以达到低碳生态城市目标的重要环节，实现这一目标有赖于规划、设计和建设符合居民步行习惯偏好、便于步行出行的城市空间。 过往研究中对建成的步行行为影响机制阐释有限，难以评估轨道交通站点周边、特别是中国城市高密度环境下复杂的城市空间，也不能提供细化与优化城市步行系统规划设计所必需的科学化和可操作性支持。本研究通过对天津、北京、深圳和香港等典型中国高密度城市案例的步行行为调查，统计分析中国城市形态和居民背景下建成环境对步行行为的影响和因子间交互机制。据此建立轨道交通站点周边步行可达性计算模型，评估轨道交通站点对步行人群的服务能力，细化空间潜力及其分布，并可配合步行行为影响因子对规划设计实践提出优化策略和具体优化方案。 本研究将从理论上深化建成环境对步行行为影响机制的科学阐释，同时通过实验案例的规划设计应用支持低碳生态城市建设。

推广步行往来轨道交通站点，是城市绿色交通和TOD 等模式以达到低碳生态城市目标的重要环节，实现这一目标有赖于规划、设计和建设符合居民步行习惯偏好、便于步行出行的城市空间。.过往研究中对建成的步行行为影响机制阐释有限，难以评估轨道交通站点周边、特别是中国城市高密度环境下复杂的城市空间，也不能提供细化与优化城市步行系统规划设计所必需的科学化和可操作性支持。本研究通过对天津、香港、广州、北京、深圳和香港等典型中国高密度城市案例的步行行为与建成环境调查，统计分析中国城市形态和居民背景下建成环境对步行行为的影响和因子间交互机制。据此建立轨道交通站点周边步行可达性计算模型，评估轨道交通站点对步行人群的服务能力，细化空间潜力及其分布，并可配合步行行为影响因子对规划设计实践提出优化策略和具体优化方案。.本项目的主要研究内容包括：.1. 根据天津多个站点的行人使用周边建成环境的方式与建成环境物理特征，基于GIS平台进行相关性分析与空间数据可视化，在宏观与微观两个尺度上探讨了各类建成环境特征的影响。.2. 经过超过三年的实地调研和分析，对香港尖沙咀地区具备复杂地下空间的两个地铁站出口组成的复杂区域综合体进行了深化研究，并建构了商业业态吸引力模型。.3. 在天津营口道案例中提出了商业用地影响步行选择的数理模型，并通过深化对行人个体背景和主观偏好的问卷调查，正在进一步通过统计和空间分析方法探索更为普遍意义上的街区步行选择模型。.4. 项目中还讨论多个其他地域案例，并就同一城市的不同用地案例、以及不同城市间的中心商业区模型进行了对比研究。.本研究从理论上深化建成环境对步行行为影响机制的科学阐释，同时通过若干实验案例的城市设计应用支持步行友好和高效的低碳生态城市建设。

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