反性别刻板印象的演化-评价效应及加工机制

Gender Counter-stereotype enabled the amelioration of prejudice; recently it has become the focus of social psychologists. Gender Counter-stereotype refers to the behaviors that do not match or are directly opposite the stereotypical expectations. Attempting to unravel the influences of gender counter-stereotypical traits inconsistent with stereotype to varying degrees on person perception, an “Climb-Falling” model was proposed and its psychological mechanisms tested. This model postulates that slight gender counter-stereotypical traits would enhance the positive evaluation of the targets, while when the extent to which the traits violate stereotypical expectation grow beyond the threshold, the evaluation and preference would drop precipitously. The present project will adopt meta-analysis, survey, focus group interview, computerized graphic techniques, and central traits paradigm etc. to examine the model using time-series analysis and non-linear threshold effect model. Further, the attribution and self-defensive mechanism underlying evaluation process will be examined using implicit social cognitive paradigms such as stereotypical explanatory bias and affect mis-attribution procedure, and consensual qualitative research, dynamic video technique and situation simulation experiments etc. Following the studies in the projects and the model proposed, new perspectives and theoretical accounts will arise to illuminate the essence of self gender identification and the maintenance of gender stereotype.

反性别刻板印象为缓解和消除性别偏见提供了新视角，成为社会心理学家关注的热点之一。反性别刻板印象是指男性或女性在性别角色表现上具有异性特征，与刻板预期不一致的现象。围绕不同程度的反性别刻板印象对评价的影响这一科学问题，本项目发现并提出“爬坡-坠崖”模型，并对其加工机制进行深入探究。该模型认为低水平反性别刻板印象会增加人们的积极评价，但是一旦达到某一界限，这种评价会骤然下降，反转为负面评价。本项目首先采用元分析、焦点组访谈法、计算机图像处理技术、中心特质范式、固定反应范式和参照反应范式等，结合时间序列分析和非线性门槛效应模型分析等计量统计方法，发现并检验“爬坡-坠崖”模型；在此基础上，分别从评价他人和评价自我的视角，采用共识质化研究、刻板解释偏差、动态视频技术、情感错误归因程序、情境模拟实验和跨文化研究等方法，揭示模型的加工机制，为理解自我性别认同的本质和性别刻板印象维护提供新的理论诠释。

反性别刻板印象是指男性或女性在性别角色表现上具有异性特征或不具有本身性别特征，与性别刻板预期不一致的现象。围绕不同程度的反性别刻板印象对评价的影响这一科学问题，本项目组对印象评价的“大二”模型进行了梳理，分别从面孔、行为和特质的角度发现并检验“爬坡-坠崖”模型，从认知、情感动机的视角对演化-评价中的刻板印象激活机制进行了考察，对其归因加工机制进行了探究。“爬坡-坠崖”模型认为，低水平的反性别刻板印象会增加人们的积极评价，但是一旦达到某一界限，这种评价会骤然下降并反转为负面评价。本项目成果采用计算机图像处理技术、共识质化研究、扎根理论、刻板解释偏差、启动范式和情境模拟实验等方法，揭示该模型的加工机制，为理解自我性别认同的本质和性别刻板印象维护提供了新的理论诠释。同时为控制或消除反性别刻板印象在人际和群际互动中产生的消极后果提供了一定的对策建议，为不同性别的个体营造公平的评价环境提供了理论指导。

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