具有多方向动态响应特性的国产直升机抗坠假人颈部研究

The dummy in helicopter anti-prang tests is an important testing tool used in the helicopter anti-crash test as a substitute for human body.The collision form of the dummy in anti-prang tests is very complex and the dummy is under the combination of horizontal and vertical impact loads. Now all the anti-prang dummy's necks can only evaluate the damages caused by collision loads from a single direction in the horizontal plane. No research reports about the damage of the dummy's neck in the falling collision working condition can be found now. Therefore, the domestic anti-prang dummy's neck model and its dynamic response characteristics in multiple collision working conditions will be studied in the project in order to meet the actual needs of domestic helicopter anti-crash tests. Referring to the design experiences of the neck of domestic and foreign dummies, the neck's structure with the anthropometric parameters of the 50th percentile pilots is to be redesigned, which can evaluate the damages caused by collision loads from direction X, Y and Z. The structure simulation of the neck can be assured by measuring its inertial parameters. The dynamic performance of the neck acted by the impact load in direction X and Y can be analyzed separately by test and simulation according to the corresponding rules. On the basis of the researches on the injury of the neck of the human body, the stress of the neck under the impact in direction Z can be obtained by falling test and finite element simulation separately, which can further provide reliable theoretical basis for the formulation of the neck's damage evaluation regulations in falling collision working condition and the research of human neck's injury biomechanics. The conduction process of the impact load from the hip to the neck and the mathematical relationship between the stresses on the hip, waist and neck and the properties of the dummy material will be analyzed. The research results will be the reference to form the rule evaluating the dynamic of the neck and to study the neck injury biomechanics.

替代人体进行直升机耐坠性试验的抗坠假人在试验中的碰撞形式非常复杂，同时承受水平面和垂直面内冲击载荷的作用。现有的抗坠假人颈部只能评估水平面内单一碰撞工况造成的损伤，对坠落工况的研究尚未见公开报道。为满足我国直升机耐坠性试验的实际需要，本项目拟对多种碰撞工况下国产抗坠假人的颈部结构及其动态响应特性进行研究。采用我国飞行员50th百分位人体参数，借鉴国内外颈部设计经验，设计能实现X、Y、Ｚ三向损伤评估的假人颈部结构。测量头颈部的惯性参数以确保其结构仿真，按法规要求采用仿真法和试验法对X、Y向工况下颈部的动力学性能进行研究，确保其力学性能仿真。以人体颈部损伤生物力学研究成果为理论依据，对Z向冲击下颈部的受力情况分别采用跌落试验法和有限元法来研究，分析冲击载荷从臀部到颈部的衰减、传导过程及臀部、腰部和颈部的受力与材料特性的数理关系，进一步为假人颈部Z向工况法规的拟定和颈部损伤生物力学研究提供参考。