不同时空尺度下的湿地景观格局与动态趋势研究

The wetland landscape pattern, dynamic characteristics and it's stability at Zhalong Marsh in Heilongjiang Province will be studied combination of remote sensing, geographic information system technology and micro-sample methods from 1979 to 2010 in this project. Firstly, our analysis will focus on the changes of landscape pattern - - - the trend of landscape fragmentation, drought and salinization in a region sacale, then the spatial patterns changes of water in a watershed scale will be studied. Secondly, we will analyze and summary the change characteristic of wetland landscape dynamic in two temporal scale of 2 years and 5 years and build the corresponding landscape dynamic models. Thirdly, we will study the transformation speed, range and trend of landscape dynamic in different regions, then generalize the features of landscape heterogeneity and it's stable or unstable trends. Finally, we will make clear the importance of spatial and temporal scale on landscape pattern and dynamic, find the driving factors of wetland landscape dynamics, to determine the impact of wetland landscape stability and build the index system and proposal of ecological optimization. The project will provides the theoretical bases to multi-scale problems of wetland landscape dynamics, and furthermore improve and enrich landscape ecology theory and methodology of scaling, provide the scientific bases for wetland ecosystem management decision, and make decision for the coordination regional economic development and ecological environment.

本项目以黑龙江省扎龙湿地为研究区，结合遥感技术、地理信息系统技术及微观采样等方法，从不同的时空尺度对湿地从1979年-2010年30年内的景观格局和动态特征展开研究。首先，分析扎龙湿地在小区域尺度上湿地景观的破碎化、干旱化和盐碱化趋势，并从流域尺度上分析水空间格局的变化。其次，在分区的基础上分别以两年和五年的时间尺度分析并总结扎龙湿地的景观动态变化的模式和规律，建立相应的景观动态模型。再次，对不同小区域景观动态的转换速度、幅度和动态趋势进行分析，总结扎龙湿地景观内部的空间异质性特征和景观的稳定或不稳定趋势。最后，明确分析湿地景观动态变化的驱动因子，针对景观的稳定或不稳定趋势构建相应的生态优化方案。该项目为湿地景观动态的多尺度问题提供了理论依据，进一步完善和充实景观生态学中关于尺度推绎的理论和方法体系，为湿地生态系统管理决策提供科学的依据。