土壤中铬进入食物链的微生物抑制和解毒作用基础研究

In order to reduce the toxicity of chromium in the soil, inhibit the absorption of the crops on the chromium，ensure food security and protect human health, the project intends to define the proportion of different valence and morphology of chromium under different soil environmental conditions, screen indigenous reducing bacteria in the soil with superior Cr (III) and steady-state chromium, obtain the dominant strain and mixed flora by vaccination, acclimation and selection. The bacteria efficient agents will be made by adding the appropriate amount of specialty fertilizers and soil amendments. And then the study will focus on the conversion rate of Cr (VI), the production of steady-state chromium, the different influencing factors, the transformation mechanisms, the transformation process dynamics, as well as the impact on the soil microecosystem under different soil environmental conditions. Finally, the research will obtain the inhibition and detoxification effects of chromium into the food chain and summarize the evaluation indicators and procedures..The soil remediation program proposed in this project can carry out easily and cheaply in situ without treatment facilities. The method can also be applied to biological treatment of chromium-containing slag and chromium-containing solid waste，so it shows a very broad application prospects. The study will provide a new method for the remediation in situ of soil contaminated by heavy metal and promote the development of bioremediation technology.

为降低土壤中重金属铬的毒性，抑制农作物对铬的吸收，保证食品安全，保护人群健康，本项目拟在不同土壤环境条件下，明确各种价态和形态铬的比例，并在Cr(Ⅲ)与稳态铬占优势的土壤中筛选土著还原菌，经接种、驯化和选育，获取优势菌种和混合菌群；适量添加特种化肥和土壤改良剂，并制成高效菌剂；采用土壤微宇宙试验装置，在不同土壤环境条件下，系统研究Cr(VI)的转化率、稳态铬的产生量、各种影响因素、转化机理及转化过程动力学，以及对土壤微生态的影响，最后获取铬进入食物链的抑制和解毒效果，给出评价指标和程序。.本项目提出的土壤修复方案可充分利用现场进行原位修复，不需处理设施，使用简便，运行费用低廉，还可推广应用于铬矿渣以及含铬固体垃圾的生物处理，应用前景非常广阔。该项研究可为土壤重金属污染的原位修复提供一种新方法，推动生物修复技术的发展。