聚合物衍生多孔掺杂碳微球孔结构、碳结构有序度及杂原子掺杂的调控及其储钠机制研究

With the advantages of controlable pore structure, no environmental pollution, abundant raw material supply and easy production coming from the polymer, the porous polymer microsphere containing active agent and catalysts in situ through chelation between organo-functional groups and metal ions, or porous polymer microsphere followed by functionalization of polymer for introducing catalysts, will be prepared. After carbonization and catalysis, assisted with removal of the catalyst and activation treatment, the new kinds of interconnected three-dimensional hierarchical porous doped carbon spheres with controllable pore structure, ordered nanocarbon structure, expanded interlayer spacing and robust structure will be obtained. The effective methods to control pore structure, ordered degree, interlayer spacing and doping will be explored by investigating polymer precursor, catalyst content and species, structural evolution of the polymer system in the process of pyrolysis. The electrochemical performance will be investigated when porous carbon microspheres used as electrode for Na batteries. The effect on the electrochemical performance of the porous carbon microspheres will be systemically investigated to understand the synergy between the specific surface area, pore structure, ordered nanocarbon distribution , dopant content and species, morphology and compactness. Key factors that carbon-based electrode has excellent overall performance will be explored.

本项目以制备具有优异综合性能的碳基钠离子电池负极材料为目的，充分利用聚合物所具有的孔结构易调控、无环境污染、原料来源广、易规模化生产的优势，提出利用有机官能团与金属离子螯合原位构筑内含催化剂和活化剂的多孔聚合物微球，或功能化预先构筑的多孔聚合物微球，引入足够密度的催化剂。通过碳化-催化-活化处理，并通过活化和催化剂的去除，获得三维互连的、具备开放层次孔结构、结构牢固稳定，以及孔结构、碳结构有序度和碳层间距可控的掺杂碳微球；通过考察聚合物前驱体、催化剂种类和含量、聚合物热解、碳化-活化时的结构演变规律，寻求孔结构、结构有序度、层间距和杂原子掺杂的有效调控方法。研究多孔碳材料作为钠离子负极时的电化学性能，研究比表面积、孔结构形态和大小、有序纳米碳结构形成和分布、杂原子含量及存在形式、形貌和致密度等多因素对电化学性能的协同作用机制，探索能使钠离子碳基负极材料具备优异综合性能的关键因素。