基于层状化电磁改性碳/双马树脂基复合材料的性能及机制研究

The rapid development of stealth technology makes comprehensive requirements of thin layer,broadband,light weight and strong absorption for radar absorbing materials.Research and development of stealth compsite with efficient microwave absorbing property and excellent mechanical property is one of the technical breakthrough points to meet the requirements.A novel method of laminated electromagnetic modifing composite is presented in this research project.Nano absorbing agent/PPESK nanofibrous functional membranes are used to modify carbon/bismaleimide composite,with the aim of improving absorbing property and toughness of the composite together.Effects of absorbing agents on microstructure,tensile strength and electromagnetic parameters of nanofibrous functional membranes are studied,determining the optimum electrospinning technology parameters.Effects of different modulation structure on mechanical properties,thermal properties and interlaminar phase morphology of the composite are investigated,and the laminated toughening mechanism of nanofibrous functional membrane is revealed.Effects of electromagnetic parameters and laminated order of hybrid nanofibrous functional membranes on absorbing properties of the composite are investigated,aiming to understand multicomponent collaborative absorbing mechanisms and explore the effective way to broaden the absorbing bandwidth of the composite.On that basis,the excellent absorbing property/load-bearing capacity integrating composite are prepared through structural optimal design.The research conclusions are expected to provide important theoretical basis and technical reserve for the preparation of stealth composite materials used for the fourth generation aircrafts and the future unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) of our nation.

隐身技术的快速发展对雷达吸波材料提出了薄、宽、轻、强的综合要求，研制具有高效吸波性能且力学性能优异的隐身复合材料是满足这一要求的技术突破点之一。本项目提出一种层状化电磁改性复合材料的新方法，拟采用纳米吸波剂/聚芳醚纳米纤维功能膜对碳/双马复合材料进行功能化改性，旨在同步提升复合材料的吸波性能与韧性。研究吸波剂的填充对纳米纤维功能膜的微观形貌、拉伸性能及电磁参数的影响，确定静电纺丝的最佳工艺参数；考察不同调制结构对复合材料力学性能、热性能及层间相形貌的影响规律，揭示纳米纤维功能膜的层状化增韧机制；研究杂化纳米纤维功能膜的电磁参数及叠合次序对复合材料吸波性能的影响规律，揭示多组元协同吸波机制，探索拓宽复合材料吸收频宽的有效途径。在此基础上，通过结构优化设计制备具有优异吸波性能/承载能力的一体化复合材料。预期研究成果为我国四代机及未来无人作战飞机用隐身复合材料的研制提供重要的理论依据和技术储备。