碳-碳复合材料/SiC-SiC(w)过渡层/纳米晶陶瓷-玻璃致密防护层的成分设计、结构及性能

This project aims to improve the anti-oxidation performance of carbon-carbon composites and meet the application requirements of ultra-high-speed aerospace vehicles in aerospace field. The research contents include: in-situ growing of SiC-SiC whisker as transitional layer to improve the bonding ability of the transitional layer with the substrate and the protective layer; preparing nanocrystalline ceramic-glass dense protection layer with infrared radiating and anti-oxidation function to improve the reliability of carbon-carbon composites; at the same time, from the aspect of thermodynamic phase diagram calculation, providing the chemical design theory and method of multi components and multi phases for transitional layer and protective layer, suggesting the basis for the reasonable determination of the preparation conditions of transition layer and protective layer. .The project will study on the diffusion dynamic process of Si in graphited carbon matrix, the catalytic growth rule of the silicon carbide whiskers and the principle of enhancing the bonding ability between the protective layer and the matrix; and then investigate the variation laws of components and phases, as well as the formation and evolution mechanism of defects, cracks and pores under the conditions of high temperature and ultra-high temperature, and their influence on the mechanical properties, anti-oxidation performance and infrared radiation performance of the materials. The oxidation kinetics model will be established to give the oxidation kinetics equations of carbon-carbon composites. Through the above researches, this project will provide theoretical supports for the development and application of new carbon-carbon composites.

本项目旨在提高碳-碳复合材料的抗氧化烧蚀性能，满足航天领域超高声速飞行器的应用需求。研究内容包括：制备出原位生长的碳化硅-碳化硅晶须过渡层，提高过渡层与基体和防护层的结合能力；制备出具备红外辐射散热和抗氧化功能的纳米晶陶瓷-玻璃致密防护层，提高材料的可靠性。同时，从材料热力学相图计算的角度，为过渡层和防护层提供多元多相组分的化学设计理论和方法，并为合理确定过渡层、防护层的制备条件提供依据；研究硅在石墨化碳基体中扩散的动力学过程，以及碳化硅晶须的催化生长规律，及其增强防护层与基体结合能力的原理；然后，研究新型碳-碳复合材料在高温和超高温条件下，成分、物相的变化规律，以及缺陷、裂纹、气孔的形成与演变机制，及其对材料的力学性能、抗氧化性能、红外辐射散热性能的影响规律；建立氧化动力学模型，给出新型碳-碳复合材料的氧化动力学方程。通过上述研究，为新型装备碳-碳复合材料的研制与应用提供理论支撑。