人工合成小麦衍生高产品种花后叶片功能逆境响应机制与产量建成

Synthetic hexaploid wheat (SHW) represents a valuable source of new resistance to a range of biotic and abiotic stresses. Introduction and utilization of SHWs have promoted the wheat breeding of Sichuan province to a new level and a few super-high-yielding cultivars with potential yield over 9000 kg ha-1 were released in the past decade. Previous studies showed that these SHW-derived high-yielding cultivars had many advantages in such as growth vigor, assimilate distribution and canopy photosynthetic rate after flowering compared to the elite non SHW-derived cultivars tested. However, their response mechanisms of leaf function after flowering to different environmental stresses are not yet clear for lack of thorough researches. In this project, the leaf senescence mechanism, source-sink balance regulation mechanism, response mechanism to adverse environments (low nitrogen, heat stress, drought stress and waterlogging), and their associates each other and with yield formation will be studies systematically based on a set of SHW- and non SHW-derived high-yielding cultivars released in the past decade. And accordingly these studies will elucidate the potential of SHWs in wheat breeding and enrich the high-yielding theory of stress resistance in wheat.

人工合成六倍体小麦（SHW）是一类具有突出抗病、抗逆优势的小麦育种资源。SHW的引进利用使四川小麦育种水平上了一个新的台阶，育成了多个亩产潜力达到600公斤以上的超高产品种。前期研究表明，SHW衍生高产品种在生长势、同化产物分配和群体光合速率诸多方面具有显著优势。但对于SHW衍生高产品种花后叶片功能对各种逆境的响应机制及其与产量建成的关系缺乏系统研究。本项目以SHW衍生高产品种和一般高产品种为材料，设置低氮、干旱、高温、渍水等胁迫环境，系统揭示SHW衍生高产品种的花后叶片衰老机制、源-库调节机制、逆境响应机制，以及三种机制之间及其与产量建成之间的内在关系，从而进一步阐明SHW的应用潜力，丰富抗逆高产理论。