大型粒子实验装置通用数据读取系统关键技术研究

The boosting requirement of particle observation leads to a rapid increase in the scale, beam energy and interaction rates of modern particle experiments. And also, a trigger-less readout scheme has recently been proposed. As a result, there has always been the demand for high performance data readout systems for particle experiments. In China, most majority of the readout systems for particle experiments are developed based on commercial platforms, which are characterized with limited bandwidth, high cost, complex building procedure and poor scalability. These problems not only impacts the utilization of the present particle experiments, but also cannot fulfill the requirements of the data acquisition for larger particle experiments in the future. In addition, in China rare consideration has been specially taken on the radiation tolerance while developing the readout electronics for large particle experiments. Therefore, this project aims at designing a common readout system for large-scale particle experiments. This readout system will be developed based on pure commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) devices and the advanced international approach will be adopted. The focus of this project is on exploring and obtaining the key technology of realizing high-speed data transmission, enhancing radiation tolerance and improving commonality and scalability. This project is of great significance for tracing the international frontier hot-spots and developing the data readout system for large-scale particle experiments in China. The outcome of this project can be used in the upgrade of the readout system in the present particle experiments. In addition, it can also be used as the data readout system for the future particle experiments in larger scale.

随着人类对粒子探测要求的不断提高，现代粒子实验装置在规模、能级和事件率上快速提升，近几年国际上更是提出了先进的无触发数据读取机制，这些都对数据读取系统的性能提出了很高的要求。我国目前粒子实验装置数据读取系统大多基于商用平台开发，存在数据带宽有限、成本较高、系统构建复杂、可扩展性较差等问题，不仅影响了现阶段粒子实验装置的使用效能，也无法满足未来大型粒子实验装置的数据读取要求。同时，国内对大型粒子实验数据读取电子学抗辐射能力的专门研究并不多见。本项目拟借鉴国际先进的设计思路，基于全商业器件设计一套适用于大型粒子实验装置的通用数据读取系统；重点探索并掌握高速数据传输、抗辐射加固、通用性、可扩展性等方面的关键技术。该项目对于跟踪国际前沿、发展国内大型粒子实验数据获取系统有着重要的意义，其研究成果不仅可用于我国目前运行中粒子实验装置数据读取部分的升级，也可满足未来更大规模粒子实验装置的数据读取要求。

随着人类对粒子探测要求的不断提高，现代粒子实验装置在规模、能级和事件率上快 速提升，近几年国际上更是提出了先进的无触发数据读取机制，这些都对数据读取系统的 性能提出了很高的要求。我国目前粒子实验装置数据读取系统大多基于商用平台开发，存在数据带宽有限、成本较高、系统构建复杂、可扩展性较差等问题，不仅影响了现阶段粒子实验装置的使用效能，也无法满足未来大型粒子实验装置的数据读取要求。本项目借鉴国际先进的设计思路，研究面向物理实验的通用电子学系统，主要完成以下的研究内容：（1）在前端数据传输技术方面：完成了基于Flash FPGA和SRAM型FPGA的前端传输板的关键技术研究；（2）在数据汇总技术方面：完成了面向中小规模实验的基于光纤和PCIe的Common Data Acqusition Unit (CDAU)系列数据汇总板研发，以及面向大型数据汇总需求的32路Common Readout Unit数据汇总板研发, 同时开展了基于MicroTCA构架的AMC数据汇总板研究（3）完成了抗辐射GBTx协议和万兆以太网协议的在自研板卡上的实现和验证；（4）结合兰州重离子加速器上物理实验数据获取的具体需求，将研究技术应用到为HIRFL-CSR上外靶实验和低温高密核物质谱仪物实验读出电子学的研发中。

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