土壤快速强烈还原防控土传香蕉枯萎病作用及机理研究

Banana fusarium wilt caused by soil Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Cubense is a world-wide soil-borne disease.There are currently no effective methods to prevent the disease. Therefore, it is very important to search the effective methods to control banana fusarium wilt disease and research their control mechanisms. In this program, the methods of soil inundated and applied with organic matters were firstly carried out to create quickly and intensively reductive environment and then decrease the population of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Cubense in the soil, improve soil physicochemical and biological properties and control banana fusarium wilt disease. Quantitative real-time PCR, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and ion chromatography were used to investigate the effects of soil inundated and applied with different organic matters on soil physicochemical and biological properties and the control effects of quickly and intensively reductive soil on banana fusarium wilt in filed scale. In laboratory, the mechanism of that quickly and intensively reductive soil inhibited Fusarium oxysporum was researched using high efficiency liquid chromatography and gas chromatography. The results of this program will provide theory basis and feasible measure for the control of banana fusarium wilt in agricultural production.

土传香蕉枯萎病是由土壤尖孢镰刀菌古巴专化型（Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense）引起的一种世界性的病害，目前尚无有效的防治办法,因此寻求防控土传香蕉枯萎病的有效方法和研究其防控机理显得尤为重要。本项目首次采用淹水同时添加有机物料创造土壤快速强烈还原环境的方法，迅速降低土壤中尖孢镰刀菌古巴专化性的数量，改善土壤理化和生物学性质，从而达到防控香蕉枯萎病的目的。在田间条件下采用荧光定量PCR、变性梯度凝胶电泳和离子色谱等技术研究土壤淹水同时添加不同有机物料对土壤理化和生物学性质的影响，研究土壤快速强烈还原技术对香蕉枯萎病的防控作用。在实验室条件下采用高效液相色谱和气相色谱等技术研究土壤快速强烈还原抑制尖孢镰刀菌的机理。本项研究成果将为农业生产上防控香蕉枯萎病提供可行的技术措施和理论依据。