考虑充电过程的共享电动汽车站点选址与车辆调度优化研究

The concept of shared economy and low-carbon transportation has led more and more people to pay attention to carsharing services. Carsharing service not only enables the customers to enjoy personalized and low-cost travel services, but also can effectively improve vehicle utilization and alleviate traffic congestion and parking pressure. The government's support for electric vehicles over the past few years has promoted the adoption of electric vehicle by more and more carsharing operators, which helps to realize green transportation. Although carsharing services have many advantages, the operators often face big challenges from strategic design to operation management in real practice. In addition, compared with gasoline vehicles, electric vehicles have limited driving range and long charging time. How to incorporate these limitations in the development of an optimal design management strategy is an urgent problem faced by the operators. This project aims systematically investigate the location problem of the service station and the vehicle relocation problem for electric carsharing services respectively. Through a series of optimization model building and algorithm design, a comprehensive decision-making tool will be developed for the operators. This study will contribute to both theory and practice. The achievements are expected to have profound theoretical and social implications for the operation and management of electric carsharing services in enhancing the operation competency, as well as in promoting the shared mobility, reducing traffic congestion and environmental pollution, and ultimately realizing the sustainable development.

共享经济和低碳出行概念的提出使得越来越多人开始关注汽车共享。共享汽车服务不仅使出行者享受到个性化和低成本的出行服务，而且能有效地提高汽车利用率，缓解城市交通拥堵和停车压力。近些年政府对新能源汽车的支持也促进运营商推广共享电动汽车，从而为实现绿色出行提供了可能。虽然共享汽车有诸多优点，但现实中的运营商却常常面临从战略设计到运营管理的巨大挑战，相比于燃油汽车，电动汽车具有续航里程短、充电时间长的弊端，如何在考虑这些限制因素的情况下制定最优的设计管理策略是运营商亟待解决的问题。本项目拟系统地研究共享电动汽车服务站点的选址问题和车辆调度问题，通过一系列优化建模和算法设计，为运营商开发设计一套综合决策管理工具。项目研究成果将为共享电动汽车的设计运营提供理论指导与决策支持，提高运营商的运作效率，有助于共享电动汽车的推广和发展，对缓解交通拥堵、改善环境污染和促进可持续发展具有重要的理论和社会意义。

随着共享经济和低碳出行概念的提出，共享电动汽车受到越来越多人的认可和关注。作为一种新型的交通出行方式和共享出行的典范，共享汽车不仅使用户在无需购买汽车的情况下享受个性化和低成本的出行服务，而且通过合乘、拼车等方式提高了汽车利用效率、有效地缓解了城市交通拥堵和停车压力。与此同时，近些年新能源汽车在共享服务系统的使用为减少汽车尾气排放、实现绿色出行提供了可能。在此背景下，本项目对共享电动汽车已有研究进行多方面拓展，基于优化理论，通过考虑更贴合实际的充电过程，提炼出运营层面的车辆调度问题，并将运营层面的收益和车辆调度成本整合到战略决策的站点选址优化问题中，针对具体问题建立数学规划模型，设计了高效求解算法，并基于数值实验和案例分析验证研究成果的科学性与可行性，为共享电动汽车设计与运营提供优化指导方案。本项目采用系统工程的思维方法，综合运用交通规划、组合优化、数理统计等学科相关理论，对共享电动汽车的相关的运营与战略决策问题展开研究，拓宽了运筹学应用领域，研究成果对共享电动汽车运营商具有较强的实践指导意义，有助于共享电动汽车的推广和发展，对进一步缓解城市交通拥堵、优化交通出行结构、改善环境污染和促进可持续发展具有重要意义。

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