胺类捕收剂体系中赤铁矿浮选泡沫的界面微观结构及其稳定机理研究

Cationic reverse flotation of hematite has the advantages of simple reagent regime, low cost, low temperature requirement, etc., but at the same time has the disadvantage of strong stability. A great deal of researches on the foam stability have been investigated, which are mainly focused on the effect of macro-factors on foam stability and on the stability mechanism in the dynamics aspect. The studies previous are seldom involved in the interface micro-structure of bubble and its relationship with the foam stability. In this project, the effect of cationic collector types (fatty amine, ether amine and quaternary ammonium salt), particle size, regulators, etc. on the flotation performance of minerals (hematite, quartz and their mixed minerals) and on the foam stability were investigated firstly. Moreover, based on various methods (such as ToF-SIMS, simulation software), the relationships between foam stability and micro-structure of foam, molecular structure and component of collector, adsorption structure of collector at gas-liquid/solid-liquid interface, occurrence characteristics of particles on foam surface, surface tension, viscosity, etc. are systematically studied, and the interconnections among molecular structure, interface behavior and apparent performance are established. The research results above could explain the internal causes affecting the foam stability from microscopic point of view, which provides theory basis for overcoming the foam problem in cationic flotation and for guiding the design of amine collector.

赤铁矿阳离子反浮选具有药剂制度简单、成本低、耐低温等优点，但存在泡沫产品黏、难消泡等问题。国内外学者侧重研究了宏观因素对泡沫稳定性的影响，针对泡沫为什么发黏的问题，即影响泡沫稳定性的机理研究相对较少，多从动力学方面进行了研究，较少涉及泡沫的界面微观结构及其与泡沫稳定性的关系。本项目选取赤铁矿和石英纯矿物，脂肪胺、醚胺、季铵盐代表性捕收剂，在胺类捕收剂体系中探讨捕收剂种类、颗粒粒度、调整剂等对矿物浮选行为以及泡沫稳定性的影响，并采用飞行时间二次离子质谱仪、模拟软件等手段着重研究泡沫的微观形貌、捕收剂分子结构及组分、捕收剂在气液/固液界面的吸附结构、矿物颗粒在泡沫表面的赋存特性、浆液的表面张力与黏度等与泡沫稳定性的关系，建立分子结构、界面行为与表观性能的内在联系，从微观角度解释影响泡沫稳定性的内在原因，为克服阳离子工艺存在的泡沫问题以及指导胺类捕收剂的设计提供理论基础。

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