截-楔组合破碎硬岩的机制及其载荷谱重构

The crushing efficiency of the hard rock and the life span of the cutting parts of the mining equipment are the main problems to be solved. This project studies hard rock breaking mechanism that a new cross-wedge cutting mechanism in rotary cutting and torsional vibration frequency under shock loading and rock breaking process entropy and fractal and regularization characteristics of load spectrum, in order to elucidate the hard rock crushing process. The key problem of this study is to evaluate the damage characteristics and the breaking capacity of the hard rock and the evaluation effect model under the two loading conditions .Based on the above, firstly, the characteristics of the two kinds of hard rock are studied under the condition of multi channel acoustic emission monitoring system and high speed video camera; Secondly, Using dynamic torque meter,three direction load synchronous test system, real time testing cutting mechanism torque spectrum and load spectrum of a whole period broken hard rock with multiple single pick, the entropy, fractal and regularization theory are applied to study the characteristics of the load spectrum, the statistical model of the breaking capacity and the effect of the cutting mechanism are established. using regularization reconstruction hard rock breaking process, clarifying hard rock breaking mechanism and sectional cutting performance under different loading conditions, has important theoretical significance and broad application prospects of hard rock excavation, laying the foundation for the research high efficiency and high life broken hard rock cutting mechanism.

硬岩破碎效率及设备工作机构的寿命是矿山开采掘进亟需解决的主要难题。本项目研究一种新型截-楔组合截割机构在旋转截割和高频扭振冲击加载下破碎硬岩的机制及其破岩过程中载荷谱的熵、分形和正则化特征，以阐明硬岩破碎的过程。该研究的关键问题主要是截割机构在两种加载下对硬岩的损伤特性及其破碎硬岩的破碎能力及效果的评价模型。据此，首先，通过多通道声发射监测系统和高速摄像机等研究在两种加载下硬岩的破碎特征；其次，利用动态扭矩仪、三向载荷同步测试系统，实时测试截割机构扭矩谱和多个单齿的整周期破碎硬岩的载荷谱，应用熵、分形和正则化理论研究载荷谱特征，建立截割机构的破碎能力和破碎效果的熵统计模型；最后，根据载荷谱特征运用正则化重构硬岩的破碎历程，阐明不同加载方式下硬岩的破碎机制及其截割性能。该研究对硬岩掘进有着重要的理论意义和广阔的应用前景，为研究高效、高寿命破碎硬岩截割机构的理论奠定基础。

高效、高寿命机械破碎硬煤岩的理论与方法是亟需解决的基础难题，其制约采矿工程和隧道等快速发展。本项目提出一种新型截-楔组合碟盘振动冲击切削破碎硬煤岩的方法，研究所获得的碟盘振动冲击切削硬煤岩的力学机制与性能可为研制高性能的破岩刀具提供理论基础。建立了具有截-楔特征的碟盘破岩刀具在单作用切削与振动冲击切削的力学模型，等效刀齿径向切削煤岩力学模型的理论径向载荷与试验最大值和平均值分别减小5%和增大14%。碟盘刀具在轴向振动与径向切削时径向载荷理论模型计算值与模拟载荷峰值均值的平均误差为9.12%，与试验载荷峰值均值的平均误差为4.88%；轴向载荷理论模型计算值与模拟载荷峰值均值的平均误差为9.25%。获得了齿尖部分所受应力远大于齿体部分，且齿体与齿尖所受应力最大值均与刀齿楔面角度呈正相关，随楔入深度增加，应力分布区域由齿体向齿尖处集中；刀具径向载荷与振动幅值和频率成反比，与径向速度和切削厚度成正比，轴向载荷与切削厚度成正比。根据时域方法理论建立截割煤岩载荷的识别模型采用离散化将卷积方程转化为线性方程组，获得了改进分数阶正则化重构碟盘振动切削硬煤岩载荷谱的方法。通过对实验瞬态载荷谱及其细观特征量的提取，建立了载荷谱特征量熵和综合加权熵的数学模型，采用功效系数法构建了峰值均值、曲线均值、小波能量熵和盒维数4个评价指标模型，进给速度、振动频率和幅值对破碎性能的影响依次减小;无轴向振动的分形比例系数比有轴向振动条件下的大20.5%～67.5%，轴向振动下更有利于煤岩的破碎。.本课题发表学术论文26篇，其中，SCI4篇，EI10篇，获得申请发明和实用新型专利8项，发明专利2项；改造完成一套碟盘振动切削煤岩实验台及其测试系统；出版专著 “十三五”国家重点图书出版规划项目和黑龙江省精品图书出版工程1部；培养在站博士后1名，博士3名，毕业1名，在读2名；硕士7名，毕业4名，在读3名。

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