规模化蛋鸡养殖舍颗粒物排放特性、源解析及二次无机气溶胶形成机制研究

Particulate matter (PM) emissions from livestock housing have been a global issue for influencing the health of livestock and people, also the health of ambient environment. With the upgrade of livestock house structure and farm management, also the deeper knowledge of PM hazard on health as well as the high intention on the relationship between the NH3 emission and the haze event, the former monitoring information of PM emissions in livestock house can’t meet the urgent demand for evaluating and mitigating of the housing PM emissions nowadays. .The PM emissions (including TSP, PM10 and PM2.5) from a typical concentrated layer house would be studied here, including exploring the PM emission characteristics, constructing models for the housing PM emissions. Also the source profiles and receptor profiles would be built with the analysis of morphological, chemical and spectroscopic of the housing PM and the possible emission sources; then PM source apportionment would be conducted through Positive Matrix Factorization method (PMF) and Multiple Linear Regression method (MLR), thus identifying the key sources for the housing PM emissions also the according contributions. Finally, combining the emission characteristics of NH3, SO2 and NO2 in house, the formation mechanism of secondary inorganic PM2.5 and PM10 in house can be elucidated. .The results of this study would be of great significance for compiling the PM emission inventory for livestock industry, the precisely designing of mitigation strategies, as well as understanding and controlling for the secondary inorganic PM2.5 formation in ambient environment.

畜舍颗粒物(PM)排放已成为影响人畜健康及环境健康的全球性问题。随着畜舍结构、管理的升级，以及近年来对于PM特性危害，对畜禽养殖NH3排放与环境灰霾形成相关性的高度关注，前期对于畜舍PM排放的监测已远不能满足当前对于畜舍PM排放评价、防控的迫切需求。本研究拟以典型规模化蛋鸡舍为研究对象，在典型生产周期内对舍内PM(包括TSP、PM10和PM2.5)的排放特性规律进行研究，构建舍内PM排放模型；同时通过对PM物理形态、光谱特征、化学组成特性的分析，构建PM源成分谱和受体谱；采用正定矩阵法(PMF)和多元线性模型法(MLR)对PM排放进行源解析，识别其关键排放源及相应贡献率；同时结合对舍内NH3、SO2、NO2排放的分析，对舍内二次无机PM2.5、PM10粒子生成机制进行探讨。研究结果对于畜禽养殖业PM排放清单的编制，减排策略的精确制定，以及环境二次无机粒子形成机理的认识和防控均具有重要意义。